ACID AND BASE VOCABULARY Culver City High Shool酸和碱的词汇卡尔弗城中学.docVIP

PROPERTIES OF ACIDS AND BASES Acids: Bases: Sour taste 1) Bitter taste Reacts with most metals 2) Doesn’t react with metals metals Conducts electricity 3) Conducts electricity Turns litmus paper red 4)Turns litmus paper blue Keeps phenolphthalein clear 5) Turns phenolphthalein Pink Common Acids: Common Bases: Citrus fruits Antacids Milk Soaps and detergents Soda-pop Baking soda Vinegar Drain cleaners Tomatoes Window cleaners pH 7 pH 7 Neutral substances have a pH = 7. Example: distilled water ACID AND BASE VOCABULARY Electrolyte - a substance that forms ions in solution and can conduct electricity. Non-electrolyte – a substance that does not form ions in solution and does not conduct electricity. (The particles stay together as molecules.) Dissociation – is when an ionic substance is pulled apart by water molecules in solution. These ions are surrounded by water molecules and are called hydrated ions. Na2SO4 (aq) ( 2Na + (aq) + SO42- (aq) Ionization – the formation of ions by the reaction between water and a molecular substance. CH3COOH (aq) + H2O (l) ? H3O+ (aq) + CH3COO- (aq) Weak acids and bases – form only a few ions. Strong acids and bases – form many ions (almost complete ionization.) pH scale – logarithmic scale from 0 to 14. Acids have pH 7 and bases have pH 7, Neutral=7. DEFINITIONS OF ACIDS AND BASES According to Svente Arrhenius (Sweden 1883) the ions produced are important. His model says: Acids produce H+ or H3O+ ions when dissolved in water. HCl (g) + H2O (l) ? H3O+ (aq) + Cl- (aq) Bases produce OH- ions when dissolved in water. NH3 (g) + H2O (l) ? NH4+ (aq) + OH- (aq) (water splits into H+ and OH-) Acids and bases are electrolytes because they form ions when they are dissolved in water. When acids and bases neutralize each othe