遇难船舶能否进入避难地及责任相关问题的研究.docVIP

摘 要 国际航运事业的平稳快速发展需要相应的配套法律规定的完善，如保险，金融担保，环境等等，随着人们环保意识的增强，环境保护越来越受到人们的重视，而与环境密切相关的避难地问题以其特殊的重要性近年来引起了人们的极大关注。 避难地问题作为新近出现的一个热点话题，它不仅涉及海洋环境保护和船舶安全的平衡，而且牵涉到沿海国的主权利益甚至引起政治问题。但随着海运事业的发展和国际社会对海洋环境保护的日益关注，作为一个沿海国已经无法回避遇险船舶请求援助以及海洋环境污染防范的问题，所以，作为各沿海国，应当本着为避免遇难船舶在本国发生灾难性后果甚至为防止遇难船舶承担国际责任的原则，未雨绸缪，进行各种准备活动，一旦发生事件，须积极反应，努力将综合损失降低到最小。 目前我国的避难地问题也比较突出，但我国通过对各法律法规，包括我国与他国签订的双边条约、法律、行政法规、以及其他的一些相关规定，来解决避难地问题，但仍然是不够，我们需要积极参与到对避难地问题的国际大讨论中来，以维护我国航运业的利益，而且，该问题已经引起了我国政府和一些学者的重视。 本文从避难地相关概念问题导入，系统阐述了目前国际与国内对避难地，避难地问题早而有之，引起了很多的关注，对避难地问题的解决也颇有裨益，然后笔者阐释了避难地问题的解决，对最终解决避难地问题至关重要。随后笔者总结了中国双边协定和国内法律对避难地的些许规定，然后笔者对避难地的相关责任问题进行了一些探讨，接着笔者结合关观点，总结了现在避难地的几个发展趋势，这对于我国把握避难地问题的走向，与国际社会相互合作提供基础，最后，笔者进行总结，指出我国仍需加强避难地方面的研究工作。 关键词：遇难船舶，避难地，沿海国 ABSTRACT For steady and rapid development of International shipping industry, improvement of corresponding laws is necessary, such as insurance, financial security, environment, etc. With environmental consciousness rising, environmental protection has drawn more and more attentions. Meantime, the problem of Place of refuge, which is closely related to environment and has its particular importance, attracts people’s great attentions recently. The problem of Place of refuge, as a hot topic, not only involves the balance between marine environmental protection and safety of ships, but also refers to the interests of the coastal States sovereignty or even leads to political problems. But with the development of shipping and the international communitys growing concern on the marine environment, the coastal States has been already unable to avoid assistance requests of ships in distress and the problem of marine pollution prevention. In order to avoid catastrophic consequences in the country and prevent the ships in distress undertaking international responsibility, the coastal State should plan ahead and carry out various preparatory activities. Once the events occur, they should strive to minimize comprehensive loss. In China, the problem of pla