《心理学概论》课程教学大纲课件.pptVIP

1. Tobacco Globalization2. Tobacco Poverty3. The Global Toll4. The International Response 1. Tobacco Globalization Free Trade Financial Liberalization have greatly increased profit opportunities for Big Tobacco Global Communications/Marketing has helped them take advantage of these opportunities Coordinated Lobbying has ensured (so far) that their profits are protected Global Expansion Fuelled By: opening up of formerly closed economies (FSU, E. Europe, China) pressure to liberalize investment laws and privatize state-owned industries pressure to embrace “free trade” (as defined by the West) expansion of free trade areas in Asia L. America Complete Transformation of the Global Tobacco Industry in the Last 25 years Privatization of state-owned tobacco monopolies Joint-venture agreements Consolidation/mergers Between 1991-2001, over 140 mergers and acquisitions Global Expansion In 2002, Philip Morris, BAT and Japan Tobacco operated in over 50 countries each and had combined tobacco sales of over $121 billion, a sum greater than the combined GDPs of: Albania, Bahrain, Belize, Bolivia, Botswana, Cambodia, Cameroon, Estonia, Georgia, Ghana, Honduras, Jamaica, Jordan, Macedonia, Malawi, Malta, Moldova, Mongolia, Namibia, Nepal, Paraguay, Senegal, Tajikistan, Togo, Uganda, Zambia and Zimbabwe Philip Morris Tobacco Revenue Select Country GDPs (2000) “We are still in the foothills when it comes to exploring the full opportunities of many of our new markets.” -- Geoffrey Bible, Philip Morris CEO, 1996 US Government Has Promoted Tobacco Overseas 1980s: Threat of trade sanctions to pry open Japan, Thailand, S. Korea Thailand. In S. Korea led to 10% increase in prevalence. 1999: US-China treaty for PNTR included provision requiring China to slash tariffs on imported cigarettes 2001: Pressure on S. Korea not to raise tobacco tariffs “Philip Morris strongly supports NAFTA and also supports the Uruguay Round process….We are well positioned to take advanta