功能对等理论视角下《老残游记》中文化负载词的翻译策略分析-an analysis of translation strategies of culturally loaded words in travels of the old disabled from the perspective of functional equivalence theory.docxVIP

摘要《老残游记》作为晚清四大谴责小说之一，在中国小说史上占有重要地位。小说叙 述了老残的游历见闻，不仅反映了当时人民的悲惨生活和社会黑暗，而且揭露了清末政 治的腐败，尤其是“清官”的残忍。本书语言艺术上的成就在晚清小说中首屈一指。尤金.奈达，作为著名语言学家，他第一个提出把读者纳入翻译研究。他提出的功 能对等理论为翻译界展现了一个全新的视角。该理论不但提出翻译应该把重点放在“读 者的反应”上，而且强调翻译就是实现“最贴切的自然对等”。奈达主张好的译文应该 是以读者为导向并且让目的语读者感受到与原读者相同的效果。该理论的提出对翻译中 国古典文学中的文化负载词有很大的指导作用。《老残游记》中含有丰富的文化负载词。根据奈达对文化的分类，本文将《老残游 记》中的文化负载词分为五类：（1）社会文化负载词；（2）物质文化负载词；（3）语言 文化负载词；（4）宗教文化负载词；（5）生态文化负载词；并且从奈达的功能对等理论 出发，分析两个英译本的翻译策略，最后总结出两点：第一，适用于文化负载词的四种 翻译策略，即直译、意译、音译和注释；其中，注释通常与前面几种结合运用，以作出 解释和进一步提供信息。第二，如果直译能使原文与译文指称意义和联想意义都符合功 能对等原则，则采用直译即可；反之，在翻译实践中这四种翻译策略则非独立于其他， 应该相辅相成，以期达到最佳译文，最终促进中西文化交流。关键词：《老残游记》；文化负载词；功能对等理论；翻译策略AbstractThe Travels of Lao Can as one of the four denouncing novels of late Qing Dynasty, it plays an important role in the history of Chinese novel. The novel describes the colorful and various experiences of Lao Can. It not only reflects the people?s miserable life and the darkness of the society, but also exposes the political corruption at the end of Qing Dynasty, especially the cruel of the so called honest official. And its language arts are regarded as the preeminent one among the novels of the late Qing Dynasty.Eugene. Nida, as a famous linguist, he first puts forward that the role of reader should be taken into consideration in the study of translation. With the proposal of functional equivalence, he presents a new angel to the translation field. Nida not only provides that the focuses should be on the “receptor?s response”, but also emphasizes that the main task of translation should achieve “the closest natural equivalent”. And a good translation should be reader-oriented and make target readers feel the same feeling as the source readers feel. With the proposal of functional equivalence, it can play a great guiding role in translating the culture-loaded terms in Chinese literal work.It contains an abundant of culture-loaded terms in The Travels of Lao Can. According to Nida?s classification of culture factors, the author classified the culture-l