医务员职业安全防护·李斗.pptVIP

手套 根据不同操作的需要，选择合适种类和型号的手套 接触病人的血液、体液、排泄物、分泌物、呕吐物和污染物品时应戴清洁手套 手部皮肤破损时应戴乳胶手套 进行无菌操作或接触病人粘膜或破损皮肤时应戴无菌手套 * 隔离衣、防护服 防护服应符合GB 19082的规定 隔离衣应后开口，能遮盖住全部衣服和外露的皮肤 * 隔离衣 接触经接触传播的感染性疾病患者如多重耐药菌感染患者等 对患者实行保护性隔离时，如大面积烧伤患者等诊疗和护理 可能受到患者血液体液排泄物喷溅时 * 防护服 接触甲类或按甲类传染病管理的传染病患者时 接触经空气传播或飞沫传播的传染病患者，可能受到患者血液、体液、排泄物、分泌物喷溅时 * 通风减少空气中微生物数量是 提高防护效能的重要环节 开窗通风，加强空气流通，并根据气候条件适时调节。必要时安装通风设备，加强通风 可采用循环风式空气消毒机进行空气消毒，不必常规采用喷洒消毒剂的方法对空气进行消毒 * 病区内应保持正确的空气流向 * 污染的医疗设备或物品的处理 可重复使用的进行集中回收、清洗、消毒或灭菌，以减少由此产生的感染机会 一次性使用的按医疗废物处理 处理被血液、体液、分泌物、排泄物污染的物品时防止职业暴露 * * * Guinan et al in 1997 reported on the compliance rate, duration and handwashing techniques used by middle and high school students in Pennsylvania, USA, after using the bathroom (toilet). Compliance to this procedure in adults and health care workers is said to be about 50%. They documented that although young children are taught hand hygiene at school the compliance rate with older children is less. However females appeared to wash their hands better and more often than males. Niffenegger (1997) demonstrated that handwashing reduced “cold” episodes in child care settings when frequent and proper handwashing practices were incorporated into the curriculum through an intervention programme. It therefore may be necessary to emphasis handwashing more in community activity such as schools, churches, camps or local shops, on the TV or radio. Who washes hands after using the bathroom? Who washes hands after using the bathroom? Four week study of 120 students (middle/high school) in two Four week study of 120 students (middle/high school) in two single sex private schools in Pennsylvania single sex private schools in Pennsylvania Ref: Guinan et al 1997 American Journal of Infection Control Ref: Guinan et al 1997 American Journal of Infection Control 25: 424 - 425 25: 424 - 425 58% 48% 28% 8% 50% 23% 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Female Male % Washed Used Soap Washed 5sec * * * Coagulase-negative staphylococci and diphetheroid * * 医务人员职业安全防护   山医大二院 李斗 * 防护原