第八讲 权力和 与政治3 英国 中世纪欧洲史课件.pptVIP

第八讲 封建英国;一、晚期盎格鲁撒克逊国家;1、七国时代;2、丹麦人入侵英格兰;阿尔弗雷德大王;“The Reign of Solomon” ;The Life of Alfred the Great;Alfred and Guthrums Peace ;Laws of Alfred 871-901 ;Of oaths and of weds. ;阿塞尔斯坦王的帝国;The Laws of King Athelstan 924-939 ;3、丹麦王克努特统治英国;Canute the Great， Granting of Fiefs, 1028 ;二、诺曼征服;1、晚期盎格鲁撒克逊政治局势;忏悔者爱德华的统治;诺曼底谱系;威廉公爵主张王位;哈罗德与威廉;不祥之兆：哈蕾彗星;哈罗德出使诺曼底;哈罗德向威廉宣誓;爱德华之死;哈罗德即位;2、征服;征服路线图;主要战役;诺曼人的船只;战役对阵;The Battle of Hastings, 1066;The Battle of Hastings, 1066 ;This was a fatal day to England, and melancholy havoc was wrought in our dear country during the change of its lords. For it had long adopted the manners of the Angles, which had indeed altered with the times; for in the first years of their arrival they were barbarians in their look and manner, warlike in their usages, heathens in their rights. After embracing the faith of Christ, by degrees and, in process of time, in consequence of the peace which they enjoyed, they relegated arms to a secondary place and gave their whole attention to religion. I am not speaking of the poor, the meanness of whose fortune often restrains them from overstepping the bound of justice; I omit, too, men of ecclesiastical rank, whom sometimes respect for their profession and sometimes the fear of shame suffers not to deviate from the true path; I speak of princes, who from the greatness of their power might have full liberty to indulge in pleasure. Some of these in their own country, and others at Rome, changing their habit, obtained a heavenly kingdom and a saintly intercourse. Many others during their whole lives devoted themselves in outward appearance to worldly affairs, but in order that they might exhaust their treasures on the poor or divide them amongst monasteries。（ William of Malmesbury, Gesta Regum Anglorum,d. 1143?: ） ;历史学家的倾向;历史学家的倾向;历史学家的倾向;William of Malmesbury Harold, made overbearing by his triumph, would not share any part of the loot with his comrades in arms, wherefore many, when they got the chance to slip away, de