拈连语用修辞学解读和“拈连译观”.docVIP

拈连语用修辞学解读和“拈连译观” 　　提 要：本文首先从语用修辞学视角厘清了拈连研究的是非，指出了英汉拈连的异同，并通过拈连的形式-语义条件，指出了拈连和轭配的异同。拈连使用者就是为了实现较高的语用标记值才使用拈连，因此译者应该着力再现之。“拈连的语用翻译观”的主旨为在尽量等效译出原文的显义和含义的基础上，要尽量“以拈译拈”且不丧失原文的其他修辞价值，在极难的情况下，宁可酌情牺牲原文的意义而以另类拈连或其他修辞手法译之，以达“近效”。? 　　关键词：拈连；语用标记值；拈连译观? 　　中图分类号：H030 文献标识码：A 文章编号：1000-0100(2011)06-0109-6? 　　? 　　A Pragma?Rhetorical Interpretation of Syllepsis and ? 　　the Pragmatic Translation of Syllepsis? 　　Hou Guo?jin? 　　(Sichuan International Studies University, Chongqing 400031, China)? 　　This thesis starts with a pragma?rhetorical clarification of some syllepsis problems, as well as differentiation of syllepsis between English and Chinese.It also explains and clarifies syllepsis and zeugma by means of the formo?semantic conditions of syllepsis. Then the thesis discusses the pragmatic markedness and pragmatic value of syllepsis. It maintains that the user of syllepsis looks for a big pragmatic markedness value, which the translator cannot afford to ignore. Hence formulated is the Pragmatic Translation of Syllepsis, its key thrusts being that, starting from the premise of rendering of explicature and implicature of the source text, along with the rhetorical devices, the translator is ideally supposed to render syllepsis by syllepsis, and when hindered, to strive for approximateness (of effect) by means of a rhetorical device of another kind.? 　　Key words：syllepsis; pragmatic markedness value; Pragmatic Translation of Syllepsis? 　　? 　　1 拈连为何物？? 　　语用修辞学（pragma?rhetorics）是语用学和修辞学的交叉学科，其任务主要是对“话语建构、话语理解、言语环境、角色关系、前提和背景、言外之意”等进行语用修辞分析（王德春 陈晨2001/2002：546-553）。“Syllepsis”一词来源于希腊语的“sullēpsis”，意思是“一起携带”（take together），常译作“拈连、异叙、双饰、兼用（法）、一笔双叙法、一语双叙法”等，我们取“拈连”之译。作为一种语言现象它有两种搭配方式：语句内一个关键词（下文用粗体显示）跟两个（以上）词语（用斜体显示）的语法或形式关系，如例①和例③所示。语句内一个关键词跟两个（以上）词语的语法-语义关系，通常表现为关键词在各个搭配中的意思不太一样，如例②所示。? 　　① Either my children or my wife walks our dogs.? 　　② He took the oath and his seat.（张秀国 2005/2006：144）? 　　在例①中，“my children”和“my wife”都与“walk”搭配，合理共享“walk”的意义，但只是勉强地分享了它的形式，因为“my children