TESL 课件2013-4.pptVIP

Lecture 4  Understanding SLA --- (3) Key terms and concepts (revision) input; output intake (v.s ; “monitor”) =internalized input =acquired competence learning vs. acquisition ? interaction; context; engagement; meaning L2 learning process Further understanding of SLA Chomsky’s UG LAD LAD: language acquisition device -human beings are born with a device (the ability) to learn languages, which is available to everyone regardless of his background; , UG: universal grammar -human beings are also born with a certain universal grammar, which consists of a set of general principles (such as: how words move in a sentence, what elements to have in a sentence; how pronouns are interpreted) that help speakers generate all human languages. -UG governs the process of finding rules and constructing the grammar specific to one particular language. A proposed SLA process diagram: (as compared to industrial production) Machine: LAD Materials: language input Operational rules: UG Workers: learners Managers: teachers Products: language output 3 analysesa development history of SLA studies Stage 1 contrastive analysis: focusing on the differences through a comparative study between L1 acquisition and L2 learning; Major findings: L2 learning takes place at a later time (older age), when learner’s L1 acts as both a resource and an interference in their L2 learning. ?[negative vs. positive transfer]; L2 learners make both universal and transfer errors. limitations: -sees L1 as the only source of difficulties in L2 learning; -overlooks the positive effect of L1 on L2 learning. 3 analyses:a development history of SLA studies Stage 2 error analysis: Much can be learned about the process and nature of L2 learning through a careful study of learner errors. ?[errors vs. mistakes] Major findings: positive view of learner errors: Errors are indicative o