毕业设计（论文）--交换机生成树协议研究.docVIP

交换机生成树协议研究 摘 要 生成树协议（Spanning Tree Protocol STP）是用于局域网中消除数据链路层物理环路的协议。运行该协议的交换机通过彼此交互报文发现网络中的环路，并有选择性的对某些端口进行阻塞，最终将环路网络结构修剪成无环路的树型网络结构，从而达到消除二层环路的目的。STP的缺点是收敛速度慢，为解决这一缺陷，RSTP应运而生。快速生成树协议（Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP）在STP的基础上，缩短了转发延时可以快速收敛，但是和STP一样，局域网内所有交换机共享一棵生成树，不能解决链路负载分担的问题，多生成树协议（Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol MSTP）可以弥补这一缺陷，它既可以快速收敛，也能使不同VLAN的流量沿各自的路径转发，从而为冗余链路提供了更好的负载分担机制。本论文论述了STP，RSTP和MSTP的产生背景和发展，基本概念和原理，以及它们各自的缺陷，并针对这些问题提出了自己的见解。 关键词：生成树协议，快速生成树协议，虚拟局域网，多生成树协议 Spanning Tree Protocol Abstract：Spanning Tree Protocol (Spanning Tree Protocol STP) is used for LAN data link layer to eliminate the physical loops in the agreement. Switch by running the protocol packets that the network interact with each other in the loop, and selectively blocking certain ports, and ultimately into the loop network loop-free tree pruning the network structure, to achieve the elimination of two layer loop purposes. STP drawback is slow convergence, to address this shortcoming, RSTP came into being. RSTP (Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol RSTP) in the STP, based on the forwarding delay can be shortened fast convergence, however, and STP, as all the switches share 、a LAN spanning tree, load-sharing link can not solve the problem of MSTP (Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol) can fill this gap, both for fast convergence, but also make different VLAN traffic along their path forward, so as to redundant links to provide a better load-sharing mechanism. This paper discusses the STP, RSTP and MSTP the background and development, basic concepts and principles, and their respective deficiencies and address these issues put forward their own views. Keyword：Spanning Tree Protocol，Rapid Spanning Tree Protocol，VLAN，Multiple Spanning Tree Protocol 目 录 第一章 前言 1 第二章 以太网交换机 2 2.1 以太网发展历史及现状 2 2.2 传统以太网 2 2.3 透明桥工作原理 3 2.4 传统以太网与交换式以太网 3 2.5 STP的产生 3 第三章 生成树协议 STP 5 3.1 STP协议基本原理 5 3.2 STP基本概念 5 3.3 STP端口 7 3.3.1 端口状态 7 3.3.2 端口状态迁移 8 3.4 STP协议报文 9 3.4.1 配置BPDU 9 3.4.2 T