(高一)定语从句.docxVIP

定语从句（Attributive clauses）在句中修饰名词或代词的从句，因其修饰作用相当于形容词，故称形容词性从句，即通常所说的定语从句。被定语从句修饰的词叫先行词。引导定语从句的有：1）关系代词：先行词为人：who, whom, that, whose 先行词为物：which, that, whose 2）关系副词：when, where, why 注意：关系词起三个作用：①连接先行词和定于从句②替代先行词③在从句中担任成分 what不能引导定语从句。定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，但有时也被一个短语隔开。例如：I was the only person in my office who was invited. I. 关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。定语从句的构成: 先行词 + 关系词 + 从句人物主格 Who/ that Which/ that 宾格 Whom/ that/ who Which/ that 定语 whose Whose: …of which 1）who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，在从句中作主语和宾语。关系代词充当宾语可以省略。例如：Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作主语) He is the man (whom/ that) I saw yesterday. 他就是我昨天见的那个人。（whom/that在从句中作宾语）2）whose 用来指人或物，在定语从句中作定语，。例如：Please pass me the book whose cover is red.（指物）The lawyer whose name is Wang Jin lives in Nanjing.（指人）3）which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词，在从句中可做主语、宾语等。例如：Great changes which / that have never been seen before appears in the countryside. （which / that在句中作主语）The package (which / that) you are carrying is about to come unwrapped. 你拿的包快散了。（which / that在句中作宾语）II. 关系副词引导的定语从句关系副词when, where, why在从句中充当状语，分别可表时间、地点或原因。I will never forget the day when I first came to Beijing. This is the house where Lu Xun once lived. I know the reason why he came late. 注：先行词是the way时，其后的定语从句关系词有三种，例如：I like the way in which / (that) the teacher gives his lessons. 从句缺少的是主语、宾语还是状语是确定用关系代词还是关系副词的关键。也就是说要看先行词在定语从句中担任什么成分试比较：I will never forget the day (which/that) I spent in Hongkong. ( spent是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 ) I will never forget the day when/on which Hongkong returned to its motherland. （从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）The reason （that/which）he gave for not coming to school yesterday is unbelievable. ( gave是及物动词，后缺宾语，因此用关系代词或省略 ) The reason why he didn’t come to school yesterday is unbelievable. （从句主谓宾结构完整，缺状语，因此用关系副词或介词加关系代词）Ⅲ. 关系代词引导的限制性与非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句对先行词起限定作用，去掉后主句意义就变得不明确，它与主句之间没有逗号分隔。例如：The watch that I bought yesterday works well. 非限制性定语从句与主句之间的关系相对松散一些，它对先行