Progress and grand challenge of the materials science and engineering精品.pptVIP

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Progress and grand challenge of the materials science and engineering精品.ppt

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Progress and grand challenge of the materials science and engineering精品

Rational use of the database starts with an analysis of the phase of life to be targeted. The decision then guides the method of selection to minimize the impact of the phase on the environment. Challenges for the Materials Science and Engineering (MSE) in the 21st Century The top ten advances in materials science in the past 50 years Should an advance alter our daily lives, or does fundamentally changing the research arena count? Materials today, 2008, 11, (1-2) International technology roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS,国际半导体技术蓝图) Scanning probe microscopes (扫描探针显微镜) Giant magnetoresistive effect (巨磁电阻效应) Semiconductor lasers and LEDs (半导体激光器与LED照明) National nanotechnology initiative (美国国家纳米技术计划) Carbon fiber reinforced plastics (碳纤维增强塑料) Materials for Li ion batteries (Li离子电池材料) Carbon nanotubes (碳纳米管) Soft lithography (软模板印刷术) Metameterials (超材料) International technology roadmap for semiconductors (ITRS) It’s not a research discovery, solely away of organizing research priorities and planning RD. It sets out goals for innovation, technology needs, and measure for progress that all can sign up to in the fiercely competitive microelectronics industry within a 15-year horizon. The first national technology roadmap efforts began in 1992. The new 2007 edition will have 18 chapters and over 1000 pages, it is estimated. Scanning probe microscopes The invention of the scanning tunneling microscope (STM) by Heinrich Rohrer and Gerd Binnig at IBM’s Zurich Research Laboratory was deservedly awarded the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1986. The fabrication of the first STM in March 1981 in IBM’s Zurich Research Laboratory The development of the atomic force microscope (AFM) in 1986 at IBM Almaden Research Center and Stanford Univeristy These two invention have opened doors into the nanoscale word, and ultimately to nanotechnology. The ultimate impact of these tools will surely cove a huge range of disciplines, including materials science, (opto)electronics, medicine, catalysis,