4copyright定义，分类，翻译技巧与完型填空.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * 2.The first modern copyright law was adopted by Britain in 1709. In the United States, Congress passed the country’s first copyright act in 1790. Most nations have copyright laws that cover works originally produced at home or abroad. In the United States, the Copyright Office of the Library of Congress is primarily responsible for administering copyright law. 第一部现代版权法是由英国在1709年颁布的。在美国，国会在1790年通过第一部国家版权法案。大多数国家都有版权法，涵盖了在国内或国外创作的原作品。在美国国会图书馆的版权局主要是对管理版权法负责。 3.Copyright protects a variety of works, including literary pieces, musical compositions, dramatic selections, dances, photographs, drawings, sculpture, diagrams, advertisements, maps, motion pictures, radio and television programs, sound recordings, and, in the United States, computer software programs. In order to be protected by copyright, a creation has to be in tangible form: it must be written down , recorded, or performed in public. A patent protects an inventor of a process, product, or device. A trademark protects the symbol that identifies a manufacturer’s goods. 版权保护了许多作品，包括文学作品，音乐作品，戏剧作品的选择，舞蹈，摄影，绘画，雕塑，图表，广告，地图，电影，广播和电视节目，录音，在美国，计算机软件程序。为了受版权保护，必须要以有形形式建立：它必须被写下来，记录，或在公共演出。专利是用来保护一个程序、产品或设备的发明者。商标是用来保护标识制造商的产品。 4.Generally, copyright infringements are dealt with in civil lawsuits in federal court. If infringement is proved, the copyright owner has several remedies available. The court may order an injunction against future infringement; the destruction of infringing copies; reimbursement for any financial loss incurred by the copyright owner; transfer of profits made from the sale of infringing copies; and payment of fixed damages (usually between $500 and $20,000) for each work infringed, as well as court costs and attorney’s fees. In copyright cases, a criminal penalty of imprisonment and/or a fine can be imposed for knowingly infringing the copyright for profit. 一般而言，在联邦法院版权侵权会作为民事诉讼处理。如果侵权成立的，版权人有几个补救措施。法院可以下达停止继续侵权的禁令；销毁盗版复制品；偿还对版权拥有人所招致的任何经济损失；由于盗版复制品的出售造成的利润减少；以及固定赔偿每