common method biases in behavioral research a critical ：在动物行为研究中的一个关键的共同方法偏差.pdfVIP

Journal of Applied Psychology Copyright 2003 by the American Psychological Association, Inc. 2003, Vol. 88, No. 5, 879–903 0021-9010/03/$12.00 DOI: 10.1037/0021-9079 Common Method Biases in Behavioral Research: A Critical Review of the Literature and Recommended Remedies Philip M. Podsakoff, Scott B. MacKenzie, and Nathan P. Podsakoff Jeong-Yeon Lee University of Florida Indiana University Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings. Most researchers agree that common method variance (i.e., such as the content of specific items, scale type, response format, and variance that is attributable to the measurement method rather than the general context (Fisk