[文学]词义的转移semanticshiftsofwordmeaning.pptVIP

词义的转移;;一 隐喻 Metaphor;;;;;;;;;动物及其器官也通过隐喻是词义有了演变（p235) 植物及其器官也通过隐喻是词义有了演变（p236) 各种工具和物品的名称也能也能用于人体各部分的名称： the bridge of the nose the roof of the mouth the arch of the foot eye-ball knee-cap The canal of a tooth alimentary blade armpit ......;;;;;;;事实上，一个隐喻的普及可以影响到一批词，是这些词也成为类似的隐喻，从而形成一个单独的语义场： 例： Time is money. This gadget will save you hours. You are wasting my time. That flat tire cost me an hour. Ive invested a lot of time in her. You need to budget your time. You are not using your time profitably. Hes living on borrowed time.;;二 借代 metonymy;;人体的器官的名称可被用来指其功能： a good eye for distance have a sharp eye to have a keen ear to have an ear for to turn a deaf ear ti to develop a good nose for to have a loose tongue to have a bitter tongue a silver tongue to be off ones head to be weak in the head to have a cool head to have a good head for to have a head like a sieve ;;;通常修饰某事物的修饰语又是因为该事物与另一事物存在着现实关系而移来修饰第二个事物： transfered epithet “移就” glad tidings a sorry state of affairs a hopeless case a doubtful question a curious fact a wipped soul ;通感 synaesthesia “在日常经验里，视觉、听觉、触觉、嗅觉、味觉往往可以彼此打通或交通，眼、耳、舌、鼻、身各个官能的领域，可以不分界线……”。（钱钟书） “微风过处，送来缕缕清香，仿佛高楼上渺茫的歌声似的” “塘中的月色并不均匀，但光与影有着和谐的旋律，如梵婀岭上奏着的名曲” “叶子和花仿佛在牛乳中洗过一样；又像笼着轻纱的梦。” （《荷塘月色》）;Sharp a sharp cry a sharp flavour a sharp colour Here will we sit and let the sounds of music　　 Creep in our ears: soft stillness and the night　Become the touches of sweet harmony.　　(William Shakespeare, The Merchant of Venice) 译文:我们就在这儿坐下来,让音乐的声音悄悄送进我们的耳边;柔和的静寂和夜色,是 最足以衬托出音乐的甜美的。(朱生豪,译);三 提喻synecdoche;局部代替整体： Young people should have more respect for grey hairs. He saw some new faces in the classroom. a fleet of ten sails to earn ones bread to count heads quick lunches at two yuan a head Many hands provide great strength. The poor man has twelve mouths to feed.;;Thank you!