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MRT Introduction Integrated Financial Supervision?Lessons of Northern European Experience  Table of Contents ?I. Introduction ─Background ─The evolution of the debate II. Northern European Experience ─A Brief comparative history ─The Northern European rationale for integration ─The scope of regulatory powers and responsibilities ─ Mechanisms of governance, accountability, and funding ─ Internal organization of the integrated agencies ─ Crisis management arrangements ─ An assessment of Northern European experience with integration Table of Contents III. Making the Transition to an Integrated Agency─The path to integration─Change management issues IV.?Implications for Developing and Transition Countries V. Conclusions I. Introduction Background ─ An informal club of “integrate these different comprising representatives 　from Australia, Canada, Denmark, Japan, Korea, Norway, Singapore, 　　 　Sweden and the – met in Sydney, Australia in early May 1999 for the first 　time. They discussed issues of mutual interest arising from the application 　of the integrated model. ─In this paper these integrated agencies will be referred to generically as 　　　integrated financial sector supervisory agencies (IFSSAs). ─Accordingly to this paper – drawing on Northern European experience – has 　been written to assist transition and developing countries address three 　　　policy-related issues . ─In order to address these issues the paper is structured in five sections. I. Introduction The evolution of the debate─The main factors have been stimulating this debate, Goodhart et al (1998) have identified six reasons for its recent emergence: a. The rapid structural change that has taken place in financial markets spurred by the acceleration in financial innovation. b. The realiza