An Examination of Tracking Skill in - University of Minnesota 检查跟踪技术在明尼苏达大学.docVIP

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An Examination of Tracking Skill in - University of Minnesota 检查跟踪技术在明尼苏达大学.doc

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An Examination of Tracking Skill in - University of Minnesota 检查跟踪技术在明尼苏达大学.doc

An Examination of Tracking Skill in Small Whales or Dolphins Using an Acoustic Video-Task (A Proposal for Research) C. G. Prince University of Hawaii at Manoa, and Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory 10 November 1992 Running header: ACOUSTICALLY CONTROLLED CURSOR TRACKING Abstract It has been argued that perception and action are functionally inseparable (von Hofsten, 1985). Cognitive research on small odontocetes (toothed whales) from this perspective is virtually absent. An Acoustic Video-Task (AVT) is described in which a small whale or dolphin tracks a cursor on a video display using sound productions for cursor control. Possible control sounds include frequency modulated pure-tone whistles. Frequency variation should be a natural control dimension for animals that produce frequency modulated sounds (Herman Tavolga, 1980). Of interest is the animals ability to use visual input and acoustic productions to predictively track or anticipate variation in cursor location. The study examines serial anticipation learning and sensorimotor adaptability in small odontocetes. AVT is a new technology useful with small whales and dolphins that provides several benefits: (i) a bionomically (ergonomics for nonhuman animals) suited interaction mechanism, (ii) a method for comparative study, and (iii) an initial platform for investigations centered around models of communicative exchange through acoustic interaction. INTRODUCTION Sensorimotor adaptability and serial anticipation learning in marine mammals have not been studied using tracking tasks. This research will examine the abilities of small whales or dolphins to perform a cursor tracking task, through the use of an Acoustic Video-Task (AVT). The perspective taken is that of the functional inseparability of perception and action (von Hofsten, 1985). Tracking tasks have been used extensively in the experimental study of human cognitive and motor skills (e.g., Hammerton, 1981; Pew, 1974a; Poulton, 19