国概unit5Economy.pptVIP

Economy General Introduction The largest and most technologically powerful economy in the world A leading industrial power The most efficient and successful agricultural producer The first country to have entered the post-industrial society: tertiary-industry or service-industry-oriented A Historical Perspective Regional patterns of development in Colonial America New England: large-scale ship builders and ship operators South: staple crops of tobacco, rice and indigo Middle colonies (New York, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware): shippers of general crops and furs Alexander Hamilton（亚历山大·哈密尔顿） One of the nation’s Founding Fathers and the first U.S. Secretary of Treasury（财政部长） Advocator of a centralized industrial society Economic development plan: the development of infant industries through overt subsidies and protective tariffs; the creation of national bank Thomas Jefferson Advocator of a decentralized agrarian democracy: praising smaller farmers as “the most valuable citizens” Status of US by the end of 19th century The greatest industrial nation and the highest standard of living in the world Chief factors contributing to the amazing progress in its economic development: westward expansion; the construction of an internal system of transportation including transcontinental railroads; favorable government policies; discoveries and inventions Government’s efforts to control monopoly during the early 20th century Laissez faire（自由放任）: An economic doctrine that opposes governmental regulation of or interference in commerce beyond the minimum necessary for a free-enterprise system to operate according to its own economic laws. The making of anti-trust laws（反托拉斯法） The establishment of regulatory agencies（管理机构） Franklin D. Roosevelt’s New Deal The expansion of the power of federal government The development of a welfare society Major sources of strong economic growth in post-WWII America Automobile and defence industries New industries such as aviation and elec