定语从句(语法).docVIP

定语从句 定语从句的概念 1、在复合句中，修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫做现行词。 2、引导定语从句先行词有两种：关系代词和关系副词。 （1）关系代词有：that, which, who，whom，whose，as等。 （2）关系副词有：when，where，why等。 3、关系代词和关系副词有3个作用： （1）连接作用：连接主从句。 （2）替代作用：在从句中替代先行词。 （3）成分作用：在定语从句中充当成分。 关系代词的用法 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句 限制性定语从句 指人 指物 既指人又指物 主格词 who which that 宾格词 who（m） 属格词 whose/of whom whose/of which whose 1、具体用法： （1）that既指人，又指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 This is the book that I want to read.这就是我想读的那本书。 Tom is the only one of the guests that comes from the USA 汤姆是客人当中唯一一个来自美国的。 which指物，在从句中作主语或宾语。 The letter which I received yesterday was from my father. 昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。 The dog which was lost has been found.丢失的那条狗找到了。 who指人，在从句中作主语或宾语。 Here comes the girl who wants to see you.想见你的那个女孩过来了. Comrade Li is a man who we should learn from.李同志是我们应该学习的一个人。 whom指人，在从句中作宾语。 Do you know the man whom he is talk to？你认识他正在与之谈话的那个妇女吗？ Rose is the person whom you should look after. Rose是你应该照顾的人。 whose 既指人，又指物，在从句中作定语。 This is the house whose window broke last night. =This is the house ，the window of which broke last night. =This is the house，of which the window broke last night. 2、只用that 不用which 的情况 （1）当先行词为all，everything，nothing，anything，litter， much等不定代词以及先行词这些词修饰时。 All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。 （2）先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。 This is the largest ship that I have ever thing.这是我曾经见过的最大的船。 （3）当先行词被the only，the very， the last修饰时， This is the very book that I am looking for.这正是我要找那本书。 当先行词既指人又指物时。 We often talk about the person and things that we remember. 我们常常谈起那些我们记得的人和事。 当主句是以who或which开头的疑问句时，为避免重复用that。 Who is the boy that shook hands with you just now? 刚才和你握手的男孩是谁？ Which is the hotel that you stayed at last month.？上个月你住的是哪家旅馆？ 当先行词在从句中作表语。 Shanghai is no longer the city that is used to be.上海已不是过去那样了。 3、介词+which/whom引导的定语从句 （1）介词+关系代词引导的定语从句，修饰物时用which而不用that,修饰人时用whom不用who（即只能用which和whom）。 （2）介词+which/whom既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句。 （3）介词短语+关系代词which引导的定语从句，这种结构引导的定语从句常与先行词用逗号分开，定语从句常用倒装形式。He lived in the house，in front of which stood a big tall tree