物流英语chapter_2_Purchasing教材教学课件.ppt

* * * * * * * * * * * * Text 2 Purchasing Process 【Para 3】Supplier Selection（选择供应商） Selecting suppliers is one of the most important activities performed by companies, since mistakes made during this stage can be damaging and long-lasting. When price is a main criteria and the required item or service has clear specifications, competitive bidding is the commonly used method. Generally the lowest bidder receives the contract; otherwise, the buyer must explain why it did not get the contract. However, when non-price variables exist, then the buyer and seller usually negotiate directly. Finally, the purchasing team will select a supplier based on the bids received or the negotiation result, and then move on to the next stage. Text 2 Purchasing Process 【Para 4】Purchase Approval （采购实施） After the supplier is selected, purchasing grants an approval to purchase the product or service. This is accomplished through issuing a purchase order (PO), also called a purchase agreement. The purchase order will specify the details agreed by the buyer and seller, such as quantity, price, delivery date, method or delivery, and so on. It should be noted that nowadays more and more firms are using computerized databases to perform these tasks and are moving to a “paperless” office. Text 2 Purchasing Process 【Para 5】Release and Receive Purchase Requirements（发送和接收采购需求） At this stage, purchasing or other functional groups must monitor the process carefully. Lots of potential conflicts may occur at this period, since the supplier and buyer are two separated groups in traditional sense and their goals may be in conflict. For example, the supplier wants to produce and ship in an economic size, while the buyer’s goal is to minimize inventory and expect small orders and short lead time. Text 2 Purchasing Process 【Para 6】Performance Measurements（业绩衡量） Suppliers’ performance is critical to an organization, and evaluation should be conducted on a continuous