宏观经济数据参考.pptVIP

* * The next slide uses simple algebra to show that the CPI is a weighted average of prices; the weight on each price reflects that good’s relative importance in the CPI basket. The algebra is very similar to that of an earlier slide that showed that the GDP deflator is a weighted average of prices. I chose “E” to represent the cost of the basket because “E” stands for “Expenditure”, and using “B” or “C” for the cost of the basket didn’t feel right to me. (You can, of course, edit the slides to substitute whatever other letter or symbol you think would make more sense here.) * Note: Because the weights don’t all sum to 1, the CPI is a weighted sum, not a weighted average. * * * * source: Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor. * * Employed workers help produce GDP, while unemployed workers do not. So one would expect a negative relationship between unemployment and real GDP. This relationship is clear in the data… * 4、价格的总水平可以用 CPI:一个典型消费者一篮子商品和服务的价格 GDP平减指数：名义GDP／实际GDP 5、失业率是劳动人口中间失业人口占的比重。当失业率上升的时候，实际GDP的增长率会下降。 习题　p37-39 习题4、7、8 * These are three of the most important economic statistics. Policymakers and businesspersons use them to monitor the economy and formulate appropriate policies. Economists use them to develop and test theories about how the economy works. Because we’ll be learning many of these theories, it’s worth spending some time now to really understand what these statistics mean, and how they are measured. * Most students, having taken principles of economics, will have seen this definition and be familiar with it. It’s not worth spending a lot of time on. It might be worthwhile, however, to briefly review the factors of production. * Thus, the sum of all expenditure in all transactions must equal the sum of all income to all sellers (including people who sell the services of the factors of production they own.) * It might be useful here to remind students what “intermediate goods” are. * “Compute GDP” as