国外心理学史2课件14.ppt

History of Psychology Chapter 14 Psychoanalysis: After the Founding I. The Neo-Freudians andEgo Psychology A. In general 1. adhered to Freud’s central premises 2.modified and selected aspects of his theory B. Major change: expansion of the ego concept 1. to make it more independent of the id. 2. the ego has its own energy 3. Has functions separate from the id 4. is free of conflict produced by id pressures. The Neo-Freudians andEgo Psychology C. Influences on personality 1. de-emphasized biological forces 2. emphasize social and psychological forces 3. minimized the importance of infantile sexuality 4. Minimized the importance of the Oedipus complex. Anna Freud (1895-1982) A. Her life 1. the youngest of Freud’s six children; not a welcomed child 2. early interest in her father’s work and became his favorite. a. She attended meetings of the Society at 14 Anna Freud (1895-1982) 3. Age 22: began a 4-year analysis with her father 4. Age 29: read her first scholarly paper to the Society a. Beating fantasies and daydreams (1924). 5. Pioneered psychoanalysis of children Anna Freud (1895-1982) Contributions to psychoanalysis 1. 1927 : Introduction to the Technique of Child Analysis a. considered children’s relative immaturity b. considered children’s lack of verbal skills. c. developed innovative methods 1) the use of play materials 2) the observation of the child in the home. Anna Freud (1895-1982) 2. She opened a clinic in London and established a training center for clinical psychologists. 3. In The Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense (1936) a. she elaborated and clarified the use of defense mechanisms b. It remains a core work in ego psychology. Anna Freud (1895-1982) 4. 1945: publication of The Psychoanalytic study of the Child begun 5. substantially revised orthodox psychoanalytic theory 6. expanded the role of the ego Anna Freud (1895-1982) C. Comment 1. Ego psychology became the primary American form of psychoanalysis 2. neo-Freudians a. tr