The Current Status of Questionnaire Research精选.pdfVIP

SECTION A THE QUESTIONNAIRE Measurement Errors in Surveys. Edited by Biemer, Groves, Lyberg, Mathiowetz, and Sudman. Copyright © 1991 by John Wiley Sons, Inc. ISBN: 0-471-53405-6 CHAPTER 2 THE CURRENT STATUS OF QUESTIONNAIRE RESEARCH Norma n M . Bradburn University of Chicago and NORC Seymour Sudman Survey Research Laboratory, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign 2.1 A BRIE F HISTORY O F MEASUREMEN T ERROR RESEARCH ON QUESTIONNAIRE S Almost from th e star t of publi c opinion pollin g in 1935, ther e wa s a recognition tha t question wordin g ha d a significant effect on th e answer s tha t peopl e gave . Georg e Gallup wa s a stron g proponen t of th e us e of split form s t o measur e th e effects of questionnair e wording . Cantri l (1967) gav e an interestin g example . In June , 1941, after Germany invade d Russia , Gallup aske d hal f of th e respondent s th e question : Some people say tha t sinc e Germany is now fighting Russia , a s well a s Britain , it i s no t necessary for thi s country t o help Britain . Do you agree or disagre e with this ? The other hal f of th e respondent s wer e asked : Some peopl e say that , sinc e Germany will probably defeat Russi a in a few week s an d the n tur n he r full strengt h agains t Britain , it i s mor e important tha n ever tha t we help Britain . Do you agre e or disagre e with this ? Support for ai d t o Britain wa s 73 percent for th e first question (disagree) and 7 1 percent on th e