变速器设计课程设计.doc

摘 要 本次设计的题目是东风载重汽车变速器设计，变速器是通过改变传动比来改变发动机的扭矩和转速，使汽车具有适合的牵引力和速度，并同时保持发动机在最有利的工况范围内工作。 该变速器设计为五加一挡手动变速器，即五个前进挡和一个倒挡，一挡和倒挡采用直齿轮，其他挡位均采用斜齿轮；结构形式为中间轴式，包括一轴，二轴，中间轴，倒挡轴。 本次设计中,首先进行变速器的零件的外形尺寸的设计，然后再对齿轮和轴等进行校核，来保证齿轮、轴、箱体等的可靠性和持久性。在变速器外形尺寸的设计时，要进行中心距的选取，齿轮齿数、模数、螺旋角、半径的确定；同步器的设计和主要参数的选取；倒挡轴的设计；操纵机构的设计。用CAD绘制变速器的二维装配图和部分零件图，如齿轮、轴；再运用CATIA对部分零件进行三维建模；最后并用ANSYS对齿轮进行有限元分析。 关键词：变速器；齿轮；同步器；轴；操纵机构 Abstract The project topic is the design of DongFeng load truck transmission,it changes the engine torque and speed by changing the gear ratio,making vehicle to have a suitable traction and speed,while keeping the engine in the most favorable conditions range. The transmission is designed to five and one-speed manual transmission, that is, five forward gears and one reverse gear, first gear and reverse gear with straight, helical gears are used for other positions; The structure is intermediate shaft, including the first shaft, the second shaft, the intermediate shaft, the reverse gear shaft. In the design.First, design the parts dimensions,and then check the gears and shafts, etc to ensure the grears,shafts, box reliability and durability. In the design of transmission dimensions, to carry out the selection of center distance, gear teeth, module, helix angle, radius; the design of Synchronous enginery and the selection of main parameters; reverse shafts design; control mechanisms design. Use CAD to draw transmissions two-dimensional assembly drawing and some parts drawings, such as gears, shafts; then use CATIA for some three-dimensional modeling of parts; final conductfinite element analysis of gears by ANSYS. Key words: transmission; gear; synchronizer; shaft; control mechanism 目录 1 绪 论 1 1.1 手动变速器（MT） 1 1.2 自动变速器（AT） 2 1.3 手动/自动变速器（AMT） 2 1.4 无级变速器 3 2 机械式变速器的概述及其方案的确定 4 2.1 变速器的功能 4 2.2 变速器结构方案的确定 4 2.2.1 结构分析 5 2.2.2 传动方案的选取 7 2.2.3 变速器主要零件结构的方案分析 10 3 变速器各主要参数的选择 14 3.1 变速器主要参数的选择 14 3.1.1 挡数和传动比 14 3.1.2 中心距 15 3.1.3 外形尺寸 16 3.1.4