[理学]微生物Chapter 3.pptVIP

Chapter 3 The Eukaryotic Microorganism:Fungi Oomycetes The morphology of filamentous fungi The filamentous fungi consists of two parts: the mycelium（菌丝体） and the spores（孢子）. Vegetative Body/Fruiting Body The filamentous fungi develop multicellular branching structures known as hyphae（菌丝）, which are connected filaments of vegetative cells. Integrated masses of hyphae are called a mycelium. Each hypha is about 5-10 um wide. nonseptate (2)septate lomasome Woronin body Special Hyphae or Changed forms of Hyphae Haustorium（吸器） Rhizoid and stolon （假根和匍匐枝） 3、菌套和菌网 Ring and net （菌环和菌网） Appresorium and hyphopodium （附着胞和侵染垫） Hyphal tissue Prosenchyma（疏丝组织） Pseudopanrenchyma（拟薄壁组织） Complicated Mycelium Tissue Sclerotium（菌核） Stroma （子座） Rhizomorph （菌索） Reproduction Asexual spores are formed by the aerial mycelium of one organism. When these spores germinate, they become organisms that are genetically identical to the parent. Sexual spores result from the fusion of nuclei from two opposite mating strains of the same species of fungus. Organisms that grow from sexual spores will have genetic characteristics of both parental strains. Asexual spores are produced by an individual fungus through mitosis and subsequent cell division; there is no fusion of the nuclei of cells. Several types of asexual spores are produced by fungi. Asexual Spores Arthrospores Chlamydospores are thick-walled cells within the hyphae Chlamydospores Asexual Fruiting Body A. Zoosporangium and zoosporangiophore B. Sporangium and sporangiophore C. Conidium and conidiophore D. Conidium and synnema E. Conidium and pycnidium F. Conidium and acervulus G. Conidium and sporodochium fruting body (or sporocarp) Sporangiospore Sporangiospores are formed within a sporangium Conidiospores Conidiospores are arranged in chains at the end of a conidiophore Sexual Fruiting Body A、Basidiocarp B、Ascocarp （1）Cleistotricium （2） Perithecium （3）Apothecium （4）Ascostroma A fungal sexual spore resul