小儿心脏外科学发展简史.ppt

The History of Pediatric Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery CHD: Primordial heart? FISH 1A+1V AMPHIBIA 2A+1V Snakes rudiment. VS REPTILES 2A+2V Turtles spongy VS BIRDS 2A+2V Alligators VSD MAMMALS 2A+2V The Foundations Scientific medicine The danger of touching the heart Anesthesia Control of the airway Vascular surgery Cardiac catheterization Heart-lung bypass The price of innovation Scientific medicine begins Early scientific foundations 1785 William Withering introduces Foxglove 1790 Luigi Galvani--electrical stimulation of frog muscle 1808 Humphrey Davy identifies Na, K, Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba 1830s Claude Bernard--wide-ranging experiments 1830s Michael Faraday--electricity: anode, cathode, electrolyte, anion and cation. 1880s Joseph Lister--antiseptic surgery (phenol) 1883 Ringer shows that K inhibits, Ca stimulates heart 1887 Augustus Waller--Hg cardiogram 1903 Willem Einthoven invents the string galvanometer EKG 1895 Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen--X-Rays 1896 Scipinio Riva-Rocci--Hg sphygmomanometer 1900 Karl Landsteiner--biocompatibility, ABO system The danger of touching the heart Anesthesia for Thoracic Surgery Control of the airway John Hunter—1667 James Curry—1815 John Snow—1858 J O’Dwyer—1885 (peroral) Rudolph Matas—1902 The muzzle of these bellows was fixed into the trachea of a dog, and by working them he was kept perfectly alive. While this artificial breathing was going on, I took off the sternum of the dog, and exposed the lungs and heart; the heart continued to act as before, only the frequency of its action was considerably increased. John Hunter, F.R.S. Phil. Trans. (1776) Vascular surgery Cardiac Catheterization Heart-lung bypass Early Open Heart Surgery With Heart-lung Machine C.Dennis 1952 2/2 Died J.Gibbon 1953 5/6 Died J.Helmsworth 1953 1/1 Died D.Dodrill 1953 2/2 Died G.Clowes