奶牛蹄病详解及防治技术.ppt

Lameness in Dairy Cattle奶牛的瘸症 Lameness in a “Nutshell”瘸症在“坚果的外壳” 较大的牛群，产奶性能较好，圈养 地面较坚硬 使奶牛感到不舒适 促使蹄尖过度生长 容易出现蹄低溃疡及白线病 经常接触牛粪和潮湿地面 容易患趾间皮炎 Lameness: An ImportantAnimal Welfare Issue瘸症：重要的动物福利事项 Locomotion Scoring行动评分 Effect of Locomotion Score on DM Intake and Milk Yield行动评分对奶牛干物质采食量及产奶量的影响 INCIDENCE OF CLINICAL LAMENESS(UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA DAIRY)临床性瘸症的发病率 I. ANNUAL HERD INCIDENCE (1994-1995) 年度牛群发病率（1994-1995） A. 178/346 (51%) cases of lameness 178/346 (51%)发生蹄病 B. 120/346 (35%) of cows affected 120/346 (35%) 的奶牛受到了影响 1. 27/120 (22.5%) cows with more than one lameness event 27/120 (22.5%) 的奶牛超过一次发病 HEAT STRESS: ACID-BASE BALANCE热应激：日粮平衡 Heat Stress leads to… 热应激将导致：瘤胃酸中毒 “Rumen Acidosis” 尽管饲喂及饲养管理得当 LAMENESS IN DAIRY CATTLE奶牛的瘸症 90% of lameness is in the foot… 90%的瘸症是由于牛蹄引起的 90% of that in the foot involves rear feet, 90%是由于后蹄一起的 of that, 70-90% involves the outside claw 其中70-90%是由于外侧蹄瓣引起的 WEIGHT-BEARING IN CATTLE奶牛的负重 在草场或干燥的地方 (不考虑表面情况) 减轻负重造成的影响 负重被泥土表面吸收 对牛蹄的影响就小 (真皮corium) WEIGHT-BEARING IN CATTLE奶牛的负重 水泥地面 (unforgiving surface) 加重地面负重的影响 承重直接返回到蹄部（真皮）——造成对真皮的刺激 IRRITATION OF THE CORIUM真皮的刺激 leads to…. 导致： accelerated hoof formation 蹄的加速生成 increased overloading 加重了负重的影响 ….especially on the outside claw 尤其是外瓣 “Bovines are suspended in their feet”“牛是悬在牛蹄上的动物” In other words… 换句话说… “Cows stand in their feet not on them” 奶牛站在蹄内，而不是蹄上。 P3 is tightly adhered to the hoof wall through the laminar corium P3骨通过真皮粘在蹄壁上 Acute Laminitis急性蹄叶炎 “Camped Under” Posture Arched back 弓背 Tender-footed 蹄软化 Extreme reluctance to walk 极不情愿走路 EFFECTS OF LAMINITIS ON THE BOVINE DIGIT蹄叶炎对牛趾的影响 损害了附着系统 将导致... “P3骨的下沉或旋转 P3” （蹄）角质层的加速生长 将导致… 蹄瓣的过度生长和畸变 蹄瓣间及蹄瓣内负重的不均匀 Suspensory Apparatus of the Bovine Claw牛蹄瓣的悬着器官 P3 is fixed in position by a series of collagen fiber bundles that run from the zone of insertion on the surface of the bone to the basement membrane P3 骨是有一系列的胶原纤维束所固定起来的。 _______________