policy approaches for innovation environment and sustainable development 教学课件.pptVIP

下载本文档

0
0
约7.34千字
约 24页
2018-01-28 发布于浙江
举报
版权申诉

policy approaches for innovation environment and sustainable development 教学课件.ppt

1、有哪些信誉好的足球投注网站（book118）网站文档一经付费（服务费），不意味着购买了该文档的版权，仅供个人/单位学习、研究之用，不得用于商业用途，未经授权，严禁复制、发行、汇编、翻译或者网络传播等，侵权必究。。
2、本站所有内容均由合作方或网友上传，本站不对文档的完整性、权威性及其观点立场正确性做任何保证或承诺！文档内容仅供研究参考，付费前请自行鉴别。如您付费，意味着您自己接受本站规则且自行承担风险，本站不退款、不进行额外附加服务；查看《如何避免下载的几个坑》。如果您已付费下载过本站文档，您可以点击这里二次下载。
3、如文档侵犯商业秘密、侵犯著作权、侵犯人身权等，请点击“版权申诉”（推荐），也可以打举报电话：400-050-0827(电话支持时间：9:00-18:30)。
4、该文档为VIP文档，如果想要下载，成为VIP会员后，下载免费。
5、成为VIP后，下载本文档将扣除1次下载权益。下载后，不支持退款、换文档。如有疑问请联系我们。
6、成为VIP后，您将拥有八大权益，权益包括：VIP文档下载权益、阅读免打扰、文档格式转换、高级专利检索、专属身份标志、高级客服、多端互通、版权登记。
7、VIP文档为合作方或网友上传，每下载1次，网站将根据用户上传文档的质量评分、类型等，对文档贡献者给予高额补贴、流量扶持。如果你也想贡献VIP文档。上传文档

policy approaches for innovation environment and sustainable development 教学课件

policy approaches for innovation René Kemp Innovation is many things Innovation is created in distributed systems of knowledge and its success depends on economic frame conditions and many other factors not under the control of the innovator Rationale for innovation policy: market failure private markets provide too little incentive for innovation, because of: knowledge spillovers Market entry barriers Information imperfections This is the traditional economic argument which is used by policy makers As a guide to policy it is poor System failure as a rationale for innovation policy System failures refer to inappropriate infrastructure of knowledge, poor capabilities to adapt, institutional barriers and lock-in Here it is not so much the divergence between private benefits and social benefits but the innovation system itself that is a hindering factors, by being insufficient developed for certain types of innovation Smith (2000) distinguishes the following forms of system failure: Infrastructure problems about inadequacies in the physical infrastructure (transport, etc), the scientific infrastructure (high-quality universities and research labs, technical institutes, etc) and the network infrastructure (IT, telecom). Transition problems: difficulties that arise when firms and other actors encounter technological problems or face changes in the prevailing technological paradigms that exceed their current capabilities. Lock-in problems derived from the socio-technological inertia Hard and soft institutional problems linked to formal rules (regulations, laws) as well as more informal and tacit ones (social and political culture for instance). Because of the many factors shaping innovation Countries have multiple policies for innovation: Support of RD Knowledge transfer Investment support Green taxes Science and technology programmes Skills and educational policies Competition policy Regulations for the uptake of clean technologies Government policy and sustaina