Int Econ-Ch01-S2002 International Economics 国际经济学课件.pptxVIP

International Economics (Theory and Policy);Chapter 01 An Introduction to International Economics;Learning Objectives;There are over 190 countries in the world today (They come in all shapes and sizes) Population and Land area: Large countries with large populations (China and India); Large Countries with small populations (Australia and Canada); Small countries with large populations (Japan); Small countries with small populations (Jamaica, Singapore). ;No matter what their size, there are certain characteristics that are common to all: They all have economic activities, Goods and services are produced, exchanged and consumed. The extent of the economic activity of a country can be measured using: Gross National Product (GNP)—value of final goods and services produced by domestic factors of production. Gross Domestic Product (GDP)—value of final products produced within a country. Per capita GNP (GDP): A crude measure of the standard of living in a country;All Countries also participate in International Trade: Exports—goods and services produced in one country and sold to other countries. Imports—goods and services consumed in a country but which have been purchased from other countries.;The extent to which different countries participate in international trade, however, differ greatly. A crude measure of how much a country participates in international trade is known as Index of Openness— It is defined as the ratio of a country’s exports to its GDP (or GNP). Open Economy—a country with a high value of the index of openness. Closed Economy—a country with a relatively low index of openness.;TABLE 1.1 Basic Characteristics of Selected Countries (cont.);Introduction to the Global Economy-Globalization;Figure 1.1 World Exports, 1948–2008 (in Billions of U.S. Dollars);Figure 1.2 World Exports, 1970–2008 (Percentage of World GDP);Figure 1.3 World Inward FDI Stocks, 1980–2007 (Percentage of World GDP);The International Economy and International Economics — Trend to