Int Econ-Ch05-S2012 International Economics 国际经济学课件.pptxVIP

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Int Econ-Ch05-S2012 International Economics 国际经济学课件.pptx

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Int Econ-Ch05-S2012 International Economics 国际经济学课件

CHAPTER F I V EII. Trade Policy:Trade Restrictions: TariffsMovements Away from Free TradeWhile it is generally accepted that free trade best enhances societal welfare, complete free trade is seldom practiced.This situation generates two questions:Why is complete free trade seldom practiced?What are the effects of deviating from free trade?This chapter considers the second question by looking at the effects of employing one common tool of deviating from free trade – the tariff.Movements Away from Free TradeTARIFFThere are other ways to deviate from free trade as well: NONTARIFF BARRIERSMovements Away from Free TradeTARIFFSNONTARIFF BARRIERS:QuotaVoluntary Export Restraint (VER)Customs Valuation Practices Government Procurement PoliciesTechnical barriers to tradeHealth and Safety StandardsIntellectual Property RightsExport SubsidyMovements Away from Free TradeCOMMERCIAL POLICY:The phrase (term) that most governments use to describe tariff as well non-tariff barriers to trade.Every nation has one or another form of commercial policy (intervention mechanism) measure with which it affects the free flow of goods and services across its national borders.The chapter focuses on the effects of employing the most common tool of deviating from free trade – TARIFF.Movements Away from Free TradeWhat is Tariff?Tariff is a tax (or duty) imposed on imported and/or exported goods or services. Types of TariffsImport vs. Export TariffsAn import tariff is a tax (or duty) on imported goods or services. This is the most common form of tariff.An export tariff is a tax on exported goods or services.This is rarely seen in developed countries but is occasionally practiced in developing countries.Why Would a Country Impose a Tariff?To discourage the consumption of a particular good (E.g., Oil).Why Would a Country Impose Tariff?To generate revenue for government of tariff-imposing country.Most common practice in developing countriesTariff Revenue as Share of Government Revenue in Some Developi