InSAR技术在地表形变监测.docVIP

本科学生毕业论文 中的应用研究 黑 龙 江 工 程 学 院 二○年六月 The Graduation Thesis for Bachelors Degree Heilongjiang Institute of Technology 2012-06·Harbin 摘 要 地表形变是由地震、火山、滑坡和地面沉降等因素引起的地表在垂直或水平方向上发生位移的现象。我国以及国际上也有很多国家和地区由于地震等影响发生了不同程度的地表形变，地表形变已经在不同程度上危害了人类的生存环境，成为主要地质灾害之一。 地震、火山、滑坡和地面沉降的发生，都会在不同程度上一起地表形变，而对地表形变的监测某方面来说可以预测灾害的发生以缓解所带来的影响，也可通过对灾害后监测进行分析，研究灾害所发生的机理以及加强灾后重建的力度。目前常用的监测地表形变的方法有GPS控制测量、水准测量、甚长基线干涉测量等，但这些方法知识局限在一定的测量区域，且测量过程只是对一些离散点的监测。 合成孔径雷达干涉测量(Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar，InSAR)是20世纪发展起来的一种新型的空间对地技术，它具有高空间分辨率、高精度和面矩阵测量等优点。D-InSAR技术是在InSAR技术的基础上发展起来的，与其他的地表形变监测技术相比优点主要体现在：监测区域大、成本费较低、监测精度较高、检测速度快、检测的可实时进行等，监测过程不需要人力进行野外作业，这就为灾害检测过程中人力的生命安全带来了保证。 本文在对合成孔径雷达干涉测量的学习以及对引起地表形变原因了解基础上，将InSAR技术与地表形变监测联系起来。文中在掌握了SAR、InSAR、D-InSAR 关键词：地表形变，合成孔径雷达， 数字高程模型，合成孔径雷达干涉测量。 ABSTRACT The ground deformation is the shifting phenomenon in vertical or horizontal direction which caused by earthquakes, volcanic activity, landslides and ground subsidence, or other factors. Many countries and areas have the ground deformation in different levels, so it had endangered the human survival environment in different degrees, and had been one of the main geological disasters. The occurring of earthquakes, volcanoes, landslides and ground subsidence can arouse terrain deformation in different degrees. Moreover, monitoring to this deformation can forecast disaster and slow down the effects of disaster. We also can analyse and study the mechanism of disaster and strengthen reconstruction efforts after disaster. Now commonly methods of monitoring terrain deformation incluld GPS control measure, Level measurement, long baseline interference measurement, etc. But these methods is limited in a certain area of measurement, and only monitor discerete points. Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar，InSAR is a new type of technique on earth observation , developed in 20th century, and block matrix measure, ect. D-InSAR techn