外科急诊创伤之脊椎损伤PPT.ppt

Spinal Cord Injuries;“Among all neurologic disorders, the cost to society of automotive SCI is exceeded only by the cost of mental retardation.” National Institutes of Health;33 bones comprise the spine Function Skeletal support structure Major portion of axial skeleton Protective container for spinal cord Vertebral Body Major weight-bearing component Anterior to other vertebrae components ;Size of Vertebrae C-1 C-2 No vertebral body Support head Allow for turning of head Vertebral body size increase the more inferior they become Lumbar spine has strongest and largest Bear weight of the body Sacral Coccyx vertebrae are fused No vertebral body;Components of Vertebrae Spinal Canal Opening in the vertebrae that the spinal cord passes through Pedicles Thick, bony structures that connect the vertebral body to the spinous and transverse processes Laminae Posterior bones of vertebrae that make up foramen Transverse Process Bilateral projections from vertebrae Muscle attachment and articulation location with ribs;Cervical Spine 7 vertebrae Sole support for head Head weighs 16-22 pounds C-1 (Atlas) Supports Head Securely affixed to the occiput Permits nodding C-2 (Axis) Odontoid Process (Dens) Projects upward Provides pivot point so head can rotate C-7 Prominent spinous process (vertebra prominens);Thoracic Spine 12 vertebrae 1st rib articulates with T-1 Attaches to transverse process and vertebral body Next nine ribs attach to the inferior and superior portion of adjacent vertebral bodies Limits rib movement and provides increased rigidity Larger and stronger than cervical spine Larger muscles help to ensure that the body stays erect Supports movement of the thoracic cage during respirations;Lumbar Spine 5 vertebrae Bear forces of bending and lifting above the pelvis Largest and thickest vertebral bodies and intervertebral disks;Sacral Spine 5 fused vertebrae Form posterior plate of pelvis Help protect urinary and reproductive organs Attaches pelvis and lower extremit