第13章-固体中的电子.pptVIP

wavefunction formulation of quantum mechanics Erwin Schr?dinger (1887-1961) Nobel Prize 1933 1923 De Broglie (age 31) matter has wave properties Louis de Broglie (1892-1987) Nobel Prize 1929 1926 Schr?dinger (age 39) Schr?dinger equation 1926 Erwin Schr?dinger in Austria Carl Eckert (age 24) in America Proved: wave mechanics = matrix mechanics (Schr?dinger and Heisenberg theories equivalent mathematically) Schr?dingers wave mechanics eventually became the method of choice, because it is less abstract and easier to understand than Heisenbergs matrix mechanics Neumann (mathematician) invented operator theory Largely because of his work (publish his book in 1932), quantum physics and operator theory can be viewed as two aspects of the same subject. wave mechanics = matrix mechanics Paul Dirac (1902-1984) Nobel Prize 1933 1925 Pauli (age 25) Pauli exclusion principle Wolfgang Pauli (1900-1958) Nobel Prize 1945 1928 Dirac (age 26) Dirac equation (quantum+relativity) The 5th Solvay Conference in 1927 Held in Belgium, the conference was attended by the worlds most notable physicists to discuss the newly formulated quantum theory. M. Curie Lorentz Compton Solvay Brillouin Deby A number of scientists, including Schr?dinger, de Broglie, and most prominently Einstein, remained unhappy with the standard probabilistic interpretation of quantum mechanics. Anyone who has not been shocked by quantum physics has not understood it. - Niels Bohr It was applied to atoms, molecules, and solids. It solved with ease the problem of helium It was used to explain chemical bonding It resolved various questions: structure of stars, nature of superconductors, : Even today it is being applied to new problems. applications of