毕业设计张华友(终稿).doc

三相无刷直流电机控制系统研究 The Research of Three-phase Brushless DC Motor Control System 学 院：电气工程学院 专 业 班 级：自动化0903班 学 号：090302077 学 生 姓 名：张华友 指 导 教 师：赵希梅 （副教授） 2013年 6 月 摘 要 无刷直流电机集特种电机、变速结构、检测元件、控制硬件与软件于一体，形成新一代伺服系统，是机电一体化的高新技术产品。无刷直流电机将电枢绕组放在定子上，将永久磁钢放在转子上。无刷直流电动机采用半导体功率开关器件，利用霍尔元件、光敏元件等作为位置传感器来代替有刷直流电机的换向器和电刷部分，通过电子换相代替机械换相。同时，无刷直流电机的外特性与直流有刷电机相似。 无刷直流电机与其他电机相比具有高可靠性、高效率和优良的调速性能等诸多优越性，已被用于各种变速为驱动中多年，并且随着新型稀土永磁材料性能的提高与价格的下降，带来永磁无刷直流电机成本的降低，这种优越性将更加明显。 目前国内对无刷直流电机的研究多是针对三相电机，因此对三相电机的研究和学习是十分必要的。本论文介绍了无刷直流电机的工作原理以及驱动电路的驱动原理。通过利用单片机控制脉宽的改变来达到调速的目的，通过控制接连电机的三相全桥的开通顺序和时间使电机按我们预定的要求运行。本论文设计并完成了三相无刷电机驱动器的外围硬件电路，包括功率硬件电路、键盘电路等，并进行了相应的软件设计，使这种驱动方案能够长期稳定高效的驱动三相无刷直流电机运行。 关键字：无刷直流电机；单片机；换相 Abstract Brushless DC motor consists of special motor, the structure of variable speed, detecting element, the hardware and software of control system as an organic whole which is the mechanical and electrical integration of high-tech product, and forms a new generation of servo system. In brushless DC motor the armature winding is located on the stator, and the permanent magnets are located on the rotor. Brushless DC motor uses semiconductor power switch device, the hall element, photosensitive components etc for position sensor instead of a brush of dc motor commutator and replace mechanical commutation with the brush part of the electronic commutation, and the outside characteristics of brushless DC motor is similar to a DC motor with brush. Compared to other motors brushless DC motor has been used in variable speed derives for many years due to many superiority such as its high reliability, high efficiency and the good speed performance of regulating and so on. With the improvement of the performance of the new type rare earth permanent magnet materials and the falling of prices, the cost of permanent magnet brushless DC motor is reduced, the superiority of brushless dc motor will be more obvious. The current domestic study o