Decision Trees Applied to the Management of Voltage Constraints in the Spanish Market英文电子书.pdfVIP

IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON POWER SYSTEMS, VOL. 20, NO. 2, MAY 2005 963 Decision Trees Applied to the Management of Voltage Constraints in the Spanish Market Alejandro Ugedo, Enrique Lobato, Jesús Peco, and Luis Rouco, Member, IEEE Abstract— The security criteria of a power system require that of a fixed income term and a variable income term. The fixed branch power flows and bus voltages are within their limits, not term internalises the start up cost of the generating unit. only in normal operating conditions but also when any credible Power system constraints are classified in the Spanish system contingency occurs. In the Spanish electricity market, voltage con- in [3]–[6]: (a) branch overloads and (b) bus voltage violations. straints are solved by connecting a set of offline generators located in the areas where they occur. Thus, for a market participant it is Branch overloads occur occasionally in the Spanish power necessary to predict approximately when its generating units are system. They are solved by increasing and decreasing power in connected in order to prepare the annual budget and/or decide the connected units and in some cases, connecting offline ones. The time and location of new plants. This paper proposes a method- Spanish transmission system is a highly meshed one. Under the ology based on decision trees to estimate the daily load pattern of transmission planning criteria applied when the Spanish trans- units that have not been cleared in the daily energy market and can mission power system was developed, most of the lines carry be connected to