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高中生物必修2常用知识手册（High school biology required 2 common knowledge manual）
高中生物必修2常用知识手册（High school biology required 2 common knowledge manual）
Two or two or more
Number of alleles and their presence in
Position on chromosome
A pair of alleles is located on a pair of homologous chromosomes
Two pairs (or two or more) alleles are located on different homologous chromosomes
Cytological basis
Homologous chromosome segregation during meiosis
Non homologous chromosome free combination in meiosis first division
Genetic essence
Alleles are separated by the separation of homologous chromosomes
A non allelic combination of non homologous chromosomes
contact
The law of separation is the basis of the free combination law (in meiosis, each peer on a homologous chromosome is separated by the separation law, rather than the non allelic allele on the homologous chromosome)
F1 gametes
Two
Four
Phenotype of F2
Two
Four
Genotype of F2
Three
Nine
The relationship between genes and chromosomes
The first section: * meiosis and fertilization: (this part, required to understand, I hope the students can understand and remember)
A: Yes, the meiosis of sexual reproduction in biological produce mature germ cells, chromosome number of half cell division. During meiosis, chromosomes replicate only once, and the cell division two times. The results of meiosis, mature germ cells were reduced by half than the number of primordial germ cells.
By two, the formation of sexual reproductive cells:
The testis, ovary, anthers, ovule of an animal
Sperm formation: 3, the formation of eggs
1 spermatogonia (2n), 1 oocytes (2n)
The decrease in interphase chromosome replication increased cell volume decrease in interphase chromosome replication in cell volume increases
DNA doubled, chromosomes did not double, DNA doubled, and chromosomes did not double
1 primary spermatocytes (2n) and 1 primary oocytes (2n)
Key: pre Federation, four split, crossover (2n): prophase synapsis, four split crossover (2n)
Metaphase: homologous chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plate (2n) metaphase
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