第五课 语法与文体错误分析.ppt

Commonly Used Expressions 1. From cause to effect This accounts for the fact that… It was partly for these reasons that… …cause (generate / yield / bring about / give rise to / result in / lead to) … This explains why… As a consequence / As a result…/ the consequence is… From effect to cause … result from… … because / since… … is attributable to (due to / effected by )… … is determined by (decided by / caused by)… As a result of… The reason why… was that… IV. Induction and Deduction  (归纳和演绎) Induction: from specific to general Deduction: from general to specific Useful expressions: … might result in… … to conclude that… If… then…; Accordingly…;Thus… A a consequence… This may imply that… If…(Consequently) would … The implication for …are Plainly/Obviously / Apparently/ … From the results, it can be seen that… Research and observation reveal / show… This study indicated (suggested)… Samples: Induction: Mark Twain once said that since the Mississippi River had been shorted by folds by 150 miles between Cairo, Illinois, and New Orleans during the 18th century, it was safe to conclude that the Mississippi would continue to shrink 1.5 miles per year indefinitely. Therefore, in 800 years Cairo, Illinois, and New Orleans, Louisiana, would become a Single municipality, with a single city council and a common utility company. All this shows what a heartening yield in speculation can be extracted form a trifling amount of information. (一个微小的信息引发的思考，可能得出一个令人振奋的结论) Deduction: It has long been known that the rate of oxidative metabolism in any animal has a profound effect on its living patterns. The high metabolic rate of small animals, gives them sustained power and activity per unit of weight, but at the cost of requiring constant consumption of food and water. Very large animals, with their relatively low metabolic rates, can survive well on a sporadic food supply, but can generate little metabolic energy per gram of body weight. Analysis: Topic preface: 所