第2节_复制叉.pptVIP

Abstract Nuclear reprogramming describes a switch in gene expression of one kind of cell to that of another unrelated cell type. Early studies in frog cloning provided some of the first experimental evidence for reprogramming. Subsequent procedures included mammalian somatic cell nuclear transfer, cell fusion, induction of pluripotency by ectopic gene expression, and direct reprogramming. Through these methods it becomes possible to derive one kind of specialized cell (such as a brain cell) from another, more accessible, tissue (such as skin) in the same individual. This has potential applications for cell replacement without the immunosuppression treatments that are required when cells are transferred between genetically different individuals. This article provides some background to this field, a discussion of mechanisms and efficiency, and comments on prospects for future nuclear reprogramming research. 小结 作业 小结 小结 作业1. 滑动夹装载器的作用过程。2. 后随链合成过程。3. 什么是复制体？ 3.2.2.2 后随链合成过程 ? DNA polymerase released from DNA and sliding clamp 3.2.2.2 后随链合成过程 ? γ complex loads clamp onto primer-template junction 3.2.2.2 后随链合成过程 ? DNA polymerase binds the clamp at the primer-template junction and synthesize a new Okazaki fragment 3.2.2.2 后随链合成过程 3.2.2.2 后随链合成过程 ? primer synthesized by primase ? DNA polymerase released from DNA and sliding clamp ? γ complex loads clamp onto primer-template junction ? DNA polymerase binds the clamp at the primer-template junction and synthesize a new Okazaki fragment 3.3 复制体 3.3.1 复制体：复制叉上发挥作用的全部蛋白质的总和称为复制体 * 山中伸弥 Article Induction of Pluripotent Stem Cells from Adult Human Fibroblasts by Defined Factors Kazutoshi?Takahashi,1 Koji?Tanabe,1 Mari?Ohnuki,1 Megumi?Narita,1,2 Tomoko?Ichisaka,1,2 Kiichiro?Tomoda,3 and Shinya?Yamanaka1,2,3,4, 1 Department of Stem Cell Biology, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan2 CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi 332-0012, Japan3 Gladstone Inst