GRE argument复习框架.docxVIP

切入点：一.调查类逻辑错误：（调查是否reliable?）1.样本容量是否sufficient2.样本选择是否representative3.调查问卷问题设置是否合理4.数据模糊5. Responses can hardly reflect actual behavior6.时间差异 空间差异（以偏概全 以全盖偏）因果推论类逻辑错误：1.推不出2.post hoc fallacy 他因 二.时间差异 三.空间差异（以偏概全 以全盖偏）四.片面考虑五.错误类比行文顺序：先指出论据错误 再指出论证错误模版！！！assumption型 开头：Whereas it is plausible that _ , the author’s argumentation is replete with precarious assumptions. In order to evaluate the argument, a close examination of these assumptions is required .主体：1.作者推理链2.隐含假设3.存在哪些可能的情况来disprove作者的假设4.如果假设unwarranted，作者的结论怎样被削弱（具体展开参考为什么大法）The argument fundamentally relies on an assumption thatOn the basis of _ , the author concludes/implies/claims that _ . However, when arguing this the author (implicitly) assumes that _ ,which might not be the case. Additional, the author use _ to support the _ that _ . However _ , an unstated assumption that _ is included. Even if _, the conclusion requires another assumption that _ .结尾：In summary, if any of these assumptions prove unjustified, the author’s argument would be much weaker. Thus, it might be advisable for the author to conduct a survey to..., and provide more information about.. thereby bolster the assumptions and the argument.alternative explanation型：开头：summary(facts + explanation)Granted, the explanation above is reasonable and acceptable (if we assume that _ ). Nevertheless, there are at least two alternative explanations that could also account for the _.主体：两个explanation，每一段结构为：1.提出解释2.详细介绍3.为什么可以解释事实或者 一个explanation，提出并详细介绍，然后每一段解释一个事实结尾：In summary, besides the possible explanation proffered by the author, at least two justified hypotheses could also explain the facts in his letter. Unless more information is provided, we cannot determine which one is the most accurate.evidence型：开头：Whereas it is plausible that..., the argument is inconclusive and the validity of the argument might be affected by additional evidence. To evaluate the argument and recommendation in this passage, amounts of relevant evidence is require