计算机英语 第3版 课后习题答案 完整版.docVIP

参考答案 Unit 1 Section A（P8） I．Fill in the blanks with the information given in the text: Charles Babbage; Augusta Ada Byron input; output VLSI workstations; mainframes vacuum; transistors instructions; software digit; eight; byte microminiaturization; chip II．Translate the following terms or phrases from English into Chinese and vice versa: artificial intelligence 人工智能 paper-tape reader 纸空阅读机 optical computer 光学计算机 neural network 神经网络 instruction set 指令集 parallel processing 平行处理 difference engine 差分机 versatile logical element 通用逻辑器件 silicon substrate 硅基 vacuum tube 真空管（电子管） the storage and handling of data 数据的存储与处理 very large-scale integrated circuit 超大规模集成电路 central processing unit 中央处理器 personal computer 个人计算机 analogue computer 模拟计算机 digital computer 数字计算机 general-purpose computer 通用计算机 processor chip 处理器芯片 operating instructions 操作指令 input device 输入设备 III．Fill in each of the blanks with one of the words given in the following list, making changes if necessary: We can define a computer as a device that accepts input, processes data, stores data, and produces output. According to the mode of processing, computers are either analog or digital. They can be classified as mainframes, minicomputers, workstations, or microcomputers. All else (for example, the age of the machine) being equal, this categorization provides some indication of the computer’s speed, size, cost, and abilities. Ever since the advent of computers, there have been constant changes. First-generation computers of historic significance, such as UNIVAC, introduced in the early 1950s, were based on vacuum tubes. Second-generation computers, appearing in the early 1960s, were those in which transistors replaced vacuum tubes. In third-generation computers, dating from the 1960s, integrated circuits replaced transistors. In fourth-generation computers such as microcomputers, which first appeared in the mid-1970s, large-scale integration enabled thousands of circuits to be incorporated on one chip.