高中英语基本构词法及练习题.docxVIP

英语构词法中的派生法派生法 ：在词根加前缀或在词根后面加后缀构成一个与原单词意义相近或截然相反的新词叫作派生法。一、 前缀 前缀一般改变单词的意义，不改变词性（除少数前缀外）； 后缀一般改变词类，而不引起词义的变化。 (1) 表示否定意义的前缀常用的有： dis-, il-, im-, in-, ir-, mis-, non-, un- 。 disabledisadvantagedisagreedisappeardisapprove disclosediscolourdisconnectdiscontinuousdiscontinuediscountdiscouragedisorderillegal impossibleinaccurateinactiveinadaptable inapplicableinconstantinconvenientincredible incurable independent ineffectiveinformal invisible irregularirremovableirrespective irresponsiblemisfortune misguidemidinterpretmislead misread mistrust misunderstand misusenonmetalnoncooperation noninvolvementunable unacceptable unawareunbalance unbreakableuncertainunchangeableuncomfortableundecided unemployedundeterminedundeveloped unearthuneconomicalunfold unpack untie(2) 表示其他意义的前缀常用的有： a.前缀 antianti-fascist anti-gasanti-imperialistanti-Japanese War b.前缀 autoautobiography autography c.前缀 bi- bicentury bilinguald.前缀 coco-operation coauthor coheire.前缀dedeform degrade devaluef.前缀 en- emenableencourage endangerenlargeenrich embitterg. 前缀 ex ex-soldier ex-girlfriend ex-wifeh.前缀 mid- midday midnightmidtermmid-aged前缀 multi-multiformmultilingual multimedia multipurposej. 21. 前缀 over- overcrowdedoverwork overloadoverproduceoverlook overcomek. 22.前缀 pre-prewarprehistoric prepay preconditionl.前缀 re- rewrite review recyclem.前缀 vice-vice-chairman vice-governor vice-premiervice-president二、 后缀 后缀通常会改变单词的词性，构成意义相近的其他词性；少数后缀还会改变词义，变为与原来词义相反的新词。 (1) 构成名词的后缀常用的有： a、后缀 -age，构成抽象名词marriage percentage shortage storageb.后缀 al- 构成抽象名词arrival refusal approval survivalproposalremovalc.后缀 –an ， -ian “人” 从事……职业者”，构成名词。Italianlibrarian magician vegetarianmusicianpolitician technician d.后缀 -ance，-ence，构成名词.appearanceallowanceexistencepresenceperformanceignorance influenceintelligenceevidencediligence guidancepreferencesignificancee.后缀 -dom 构成名词kingdomfreedomf、后缀 -ee， -eer， -er，-or，构成表人的名词 beginnercompetitor conductor directoremployeeengineerexaminee intervieweetailorvolunteerg.后缀 -ess 构成表“雌性”的名词a