农科院写译课讲义及答案.docVIP

英译汉40篇 历年考题（1～9）： 1. （2005.01） Quitting smoking is more of a matter of willpower than of individual choice, for smoking is widely recognized as addictive. Although counseling and medication can increase the odds that a smoker quits permanently, the best way to avoid dilemmas is never to take up smoking to begin with. The irreversible effects of cigarette smoking vary in intensity and are related both to the amount and duration of exposure and the age at which the person is initially exposed. This report challenges the notion that a few years of exposure to smoking will have no lasting harmful consequences. We hope to discourage this prevalent but vital habit and suggest that tobacco-related health effects decline substantially as time away from smoking increases. 人们普遍认为吸烟成瘾，所以戒烟主要是意志力的问题，而不是个人选择的问题（与其说戒烟是个人选择的问题，不如说是意志力的问题）。虽然心理咨询和药物治疗能增加永久戒烟的概率，但避免进退两难的最好方法是一开始就不吸烟。 吸烟带来的不可逆的影响程度不同，且与烟瘾和烟龄（年头）有关，也与最初接触烟的年龄有关。本报告挑战的是一种观点，即几年的吸烟史不会产生长期的不良后果。我们希望劝说人们不要染上此常见但致命的习惯，并指出随着戒烟时间的增加，烟草对健康产生的影响就会大幅度减少。 2.（2005.06） This book derives from decades of teaching in various schools across the country. It is based on the belief that philosophy is a genuinely exciting subject, accessible not only to gifted undergraduate majors but to everyone. Everyone is a philosopher, whether enrolled in a philosophical course or not. The difference is that someone who has studied philosophy systematically has the advantage of having encountered stronger and more varied arguments than might have been available otherwise. What is special about this book is that it offers introductory students the opportunity of having direct contact with substantial readings from significant books on philosophy, but without the unreasonable demand that they confront these books in full, which are often incomprehensible. 参考译文：本书是在全国不同学校讲课几十年的结晶。它基于以下观点：哲学的确是一门有趣的学科，不仅专家和一些有天赋的本科专业生可以使用哲学，人人都可使用。不论是否上过哲学课，每个人都是哲学家。区别在于：系统学习过哲学的人具有这样的优势，他们遇到的论点要比以其他方式遇到的论点更有说服力、种类更多。该书的特点是：它使初学者有机会直接接触选自重要哲学著作并有实质内容的读物，但并不过分地要求学生必须通读