专利拒绝许可反垄断法适用问题的比较研究.pdfVIP

专利拒绝许可反垄断法适用问题的比较研究 Comparative Study on Application of Anti-monopoly Law to refusal to license 詹昊 郑双石 宋迎 摘要 专利权是专利权人对其智力成果依法享有的专有权利，专利权制度是国家对创新进行激 励、对创新者进行保护的基本制度。专利权作为私法上的权利，专利权人当然有拒绝许可的 权利。但是，当专利拒绝许可行为损害了市场上的创新、阻碍新技术的出现时，则有必要适 用反垄断法对其进行规制。本文首先对专利拒绝许可行为是否适用反垄断法问题进行探讨。 其次，通过比较研究我国、美国、欧盟、日本的竞争法理论及案例，对专利拒绝许可行为的 反垄断法违法构成要件进行考察。最后，对反垄断法如何规制专利拒绝许可行为提出建议和 思考。本文从兼顾保护技术创新和维护竞争秩序的角度出发，借鉴了美国、欧盟、日本的有 益经验，以期提出对实务有价值的建议。 A patent is an exclusive right given by law to inventors to make use of and exploit their inventions for a specific period of time. The establishment of a patent protection system is intended to encourage innovation and to protect the innovator. As a right protected by private law, the inventor as patent holder has the right to refuse to license their invention. However, when a refusal to license discourages innovation and hinders the emergence of new technology, the application of Anti-Monopoly Law (AML) becomes necessary. This article firstly discusses whether AML is applicable in refusal to license cases. In addition, through a comparative study of the theory and precedents of competition law in China, US, EU, and Japan, this article reviews the elements constituting a refusal to license under AML. Finally, some advice and thoughts are put forward on how to apply AML in order to regulate refusals to license. In the interests of protecting technical innovation and maintaining orderly competition, this article aims to provide some valuable suggestions for AML in practice by referencing the experiences of the US, EU, and Japan. 关键词：专利权 拒绝许可 反垄断法 违法要件 创新 Key words: Patent right, refusal to license, Anti-monopoly Law, illegal elements, innovation. 专利权人对其拥有的专利享有“独占权”，独占权是一种排他性权利，一方面专利权人 可以拒绝许可其专利，另一方面未经专利权人许可,任何人不得使用专利权人的专利，虽然 拒绝许可专利是专利权人的核心权利，但是专利拒绝许可行为并不能完全排除反垄断法的适 用。在某些情况下，专利拒绝许可行为有可能会受到反垄断法的规制。 专利拒绝许可行为不同于一般的交易拒绝行为，对其进行规制时，不仅要考虑到对合同 权利人