经济学原理英文版第九版第一章课后练习答案.docVIP

Solutions to Problems CHAPTER 1 1. Answers will vary, but should include the notion观点 that each activity 活动provides benefits in the form of satisfaction满足 or additional income额外的收入, but also takes time away from the pursuit 追求of other activities (opportunity cost). Time spent on each activity is limited because the additional benefit of devoting an extra unit of time to any one activity falls as more time is devoted to the activity. Hence, 因此as more and more time is spent on one activity, it will become increasingly attractive to devote the next unit of time to some other activity. 2. Answers will vary. 3. (a) normative 标准的inheritance tax 遗产税 (b) positive 肯定的，真实的 (c) normative 4. Average cost 平均成本 is $1.17 ($19.9517 hours). Marginal cost 边际成本is $0. 5. (a) The state国家 should allow the market to provide what people want. Since gambling 赌博is not mandatory强制性的, only those who want to gamble will do so. Tax revenues that arise from casino 赌场gambling are paid voluntarily.自动地 (b) Some argue that casino gambling is associated with criminal activity 犯罪活动that has a cost to the community at large. In addition, gambling can be addictive,上瘾的 and sometimes entices 诱使those who can least 最少的afford it to participate. These concerns bear on对。。。有影响 the efficiency argument to the extent that there are costs from gambling not reflected in the price of gambling. These costs could potentially affect the community at large (e.g., more crime, the social cost of addiction上瘾) or the individual (to the extent that gambling creates unwanted addiction). (c) Legalized 合法的gambling has a number of fairness公平的 issues around it. First, a lot of people want the services that a gambling casinos provide. It is clearly entertainment 娱乐that many people like. (If you don’t like Texas Hold ‘em just watch it or go away). But many consider gambling to be bad. They think it is fair to tax “sins.” 罪恶 A big fairness issue is that people who gamble may be addicted to it. Like many other issue