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Building with Nature: in search of resilient storm surge protection strategies 遵循自然规律，寻找弹性风暴潮保护策略 Low-lying, densely populated coastal areas worldwide are under threat, requiring coastal managers to develop new strategies to cope with land subsidence, sea level rise and the increasing risk of storm-surge-induced floods. 地势低洼,全球人口稠密的沿海地区正受到威胁,要求沿海管理者提出新的策略来应对地面沉降、海平面上升和增加风暴潮诱导洪水的风险。 Traditional engineering approaches optimizing for safety are often suboptimal with respect to other functions and are neither resilient nor sustainable. Densely populated deltas in particular need more resilient solutions that are robust, sustainable, adaptable, multifunctional and yet economically feasible. 传统优化安全的工程方法通常是次优的关于其他功能,既没有弹性,也没有持续性。人口稠密的增量尤其需要更有弹性的解决方案即健壮的、可持续的、可适应的、多功能、但经济上可行的方案。 In natural environments, flood-induced inundations may be regular and beneficial phenomena that bring new sediment and nutrients onto the land, thus offsetting subsidence or sea-level rise. In densely populated parts of the world, however, flooding is perceived as an undesirable event against which defences are needed. In this ‘fight against water’, dikes, barriers and other hard structures have become common instruments, focusing primarily on the area to be protected rather than on the water system.在自然环境中,洪水引起的毁灭性洪水可能会规律和有益的现象,将为土地带来新的沉积物和营养,从而抵消掉到地面沉降或海平面上升的影响。然而,世界上部分人口稠密的地区,洪水被认为是不受欢迎的事件，对它的防御系统是必要的。在这个“对抗水”,堤防、障碍和其他硬结构已经成为常见的仪器,主要关注是保护该地区,而不是在水系统。 Once flood defence technology had become sufficiently reliable, demographic and economic drivers led people to settle in and extend the protected areas, thus enhancing the potential risk of casualties and damages if the defences are broken,一旦洪水防御技术变得非常可靠,人口和经济的机制导致人们定居和扩展受保护区域,从而提高潜在风险的人员伤亡和损失如果防御都损坏了。 One of these is that the barrier blocks all sediment transport, in or out, thus morphologically separating the estuary from the sea. This will inevitably have undesirable long-term effects. For instance, the outer delta will tend to rise with the rising