各种各样的效应.docxVIP

各式各样的“效应”“效应”的原义是“物理的或化学的作用所产生的效果”，也可泛指“某个人物的言行或某种事物的发生和发展在社会上所引起的反应或效果”。英语的对应词是effect。自然界和人间社会存在各式各样的效应。其中“温室效应” （green-house effect）是我们最常见的一种大气保温效应，与地球变暖（global warming）有关。例如：1. The term “greenhouse effect” has two common meanings. There is a natural greenhouse effect that keeps the Earth’s climate warm and habitable. There is also a man-made greenhouse effect, which is the enhancement of Earth’s natural greenhouse effect by the addition of greenhouse gases from the burning of fossil fuels (mainly petroleum, coal, and natural gas).?“温室效应”这个词有两个基本意思：一个是使地球气候保持温暖和适宜居住的自然温室效应；另一个是人为温室效应，即由于燃烧化石燃料（主要是石油、煤和天然气）造成温室气体增多而导致的地球自然温室效应增强。2. Earth’s natural greenhouse effect is critical to supporting life. But human activities, primarily the burning of fossil fuels and clearing of forests, have intensified the natural greenhouse effect, causing global warming.?地球的自然温室效应对维持生命是至关紧要的，但是人类活动，主要是燃烧化石燃料和砍伐森林，已加剧了这种自然温室效应，引起全球变暖。与我们生存环境密切相关的另一种自然效应是“城市热岛效应”（urban heat island effect）。例如：3. Temperatures are often a few degrees higher in cities than they are in their surrounding rural areas. This temperature discrepancy is the result of a bizarre phenomenon known as the urban heat island effect. As the name implies, the effect turns cities into islands of heat.?城市温度常常比周围农村高出几度。这种温差是一种叫做“城市热岛效应”的奇异现象造成的。正如其名所示，这种效应使城市变成热岛。4. According to the latest statistics from the China Meteorological Administration, about one-fourth of the temperature rise caused by climate warming can be blamed on the urban heat island effect. This effect is adding to our woes.?根据中国气象局的必威体育精装版统计，在气候变暖引起的气温上升中，大约有1/4是城市热岛效应造成的。这种热岛效应正在给我们增添麻烦。美国数学与气象学家爱德华·诺顿·罗伦兹（Edward Norton Lorenz）发现的“蝴蝶效应”（butterfly effect）也与自然气象有关。例如：5. A few occasional flaps of the wings of a butterfly in a South American tropical rain forest in the Amazon Basin may cause a tornado in Texas, the United States two weeks later. This is because the movement of the wings of the butterfly will bring about changes in the air system around it, and also c