润滑(第二章).docVIP

第二章: 添加剂 – 优质润滑剂的重要组成部分 基础油 – 概要 矿物油: 不含添加剂的石油残余液 合成油: 由石油组分人工合成 Mineral oils: Are raffinated petroleum oils without additives Mineral oils are used as the basic compounds of most of the petroleum based lubricating oils and greases. Oils on mineral base are oils from raffinated petroleum partially made of petroleum that is left of after separating of the lighter fractions. Types of basic mineral oils: Saturated / Paraffinic Naphtene - USP white Synthetic oils: Synthetic oils are artificially produced and can be made of many basic materials – lighter petroleum fractions, natural gases or plants. Types of synthetic basic oils: - Polyalfaolefiny-PAO – engine and compressor oils - Estery (Diestery) - engine and compressor oils - Polyolestery – for high temperatures - Silikony – high temperatures and greases - Polyalkalen glykoly – compressor and gear oils - Fosfátestery – on-flammable hydraulic oils 2.0 ADDITIVES Additives are special substances that are combined with oils and greases to improve the ability of the lubricant to meet special performance needs not ordinarily satisfied by a base mineral oil or grease. Additives can be used for one or more of the following reasons: A: Surface protective additives B: Performance additives C: Protective additives 2.1 SURFACE PROTECTIVE ADDITIVES 2.1.1 Anti-Wear Agents Shock load reducers Friction Modifiers E. P. Additives Solid Lubricants Molybdenum Disulphide Graphite Teflon Polyethylene Corrosion and Rust Inhibitors Detergent and Dispergants 2.2 PERFORMANCE ADDITIVES Pour Depressants Seal Conditioners, Leak Inhibitors Adhesive/Cohesive Polymers Viscosity Index Improvers 2.3 PRODUCT PROTECTIVE E ADDITIVES Oxidation Inhibitors Anti-Foam Agents Acid neutralisers Metal Deactivators Demulsifiers 2.1 SURFACE PROTECTION ADDITIVES Additives reducing friction and wear: Lubricants work in difficult circumstances (heavy loads, speed, temperature, dry starts, shock loads, etc.) Clean mineral oi