SpelingRule(单词拼写规则,全文英文).docVIP

Noun Plural Formation Spelling Rule Examples Exceptions To form the pluralof most nouns,simply add -s cat catsdog dogs ? Surviving Old English plural forms: deer deer; sheep sheep;ox oxen; man men;woman women; child children; brother (in a religious sense) brethren; foot feet;tooth teeth. Some compound nouns:passer-by passers-by;mother-in-law mothers-in-law. Plural forms of not fully naturalized foreign words:chateau chateaux;crisis crises; formula formulae; index indices; stimulus stimuli Plural forms of metricabbreviations:100 km (kilometres)60 g (grams)2.5 l (litres) Note that with non-metric measurements plural s is optional: 60 lb or 60 lbs To form the plural of nouns ending ins, sh, ss, z, x or ch, add -es? to facilitate pronunciation gas gasesdish dishesboss bossesbox boxeswatch watches? ? To form the plural of nouns ending in y preceded by a consonant,change the y to an iand then add -es lady ladiesbaby babiesstrawberry strawberrieslaboratory laboratories ? lay-by lay-bys (BrE);stand-by stand-bys Family names: Mr. Mrs. Brady The Bradys To form the plural ofa number of long established English nouns ending in f or fe(but not ff or ffe!)change the f? to a vand then add -es half halvesleaf leaveslife livesknife knives ? Most other nouns ending in f or fe simply add -s as usual, but there are some cases in which the -ves plural formation is optional:?belief beliefs; chief chiefs;handkerchief handkerchiefs(but note handkerchieves is an option in British English);safe safesCaution is advised and, if in doubt, consult a dictionary. To form the plural of imported nounsending in o and long established in English, add -es cargo cargoesdomino dominoesecho echoesembargo embargoeshero heroespotato potatoestomato tomatoestornado tornadoestorpedo torpedoesveto vetoes For less naturalized nouns endingin o, add -s only:kilo kilos; piano pianos;kimono kimonos; radio