太阳能热水器高聚光比聚光技术储热材料和换热方式.doc

太阳能热水器高聚光比聚光技术储热材料和换热方式 　　1 太阳能热发电的工作原理 Working principle of 1 solar thermal power generation 　　太阳能热发电是指利用聚光器将低密度的太阳能汇聚到焦斑处，使其生成高密度的能量，然后由工作流体将其转换成热能，再利用热能发电。目前，已经达到商业化应用水平的太阳能热发电方式主要有：塔式、槽式、碟式三种方式。 Solar thermal power generation refers to the use of condenser low density solar converge to the focal point, the formation of high density of energy, and then by the working fluid is converted into heat energy, recycling heat energy power generation. At present, the solar thermal power generation has reached commercial application level are: Tower, trough, disc type in three ways. 　　1.1 塔式太阳能热发电系统 1.1 tower solar thermal power generation system 　　塔式太阳能热发电系统将吸热器（单侧受光或四周受光）置于接收塔的顶部，若干台定日镜根据吸热器的类型，排列在接收塔的一侧或四周。这些定日镜自动跟踪太阳，使其反射光能够精确地投射到吸热器内。吸热器将太阳光能转变成热能，并加热盘管内流动着的介质（水或其他流体）产生中高温蒸汽（温度可达5600C以上）驱动汽轮发电机组发电。目前，塔式热发电系统总效率13%左右，聚光—吸热部分效率70%左右。研究表明，塔式热发电系统具有聚光比和温度高、热传递路程短、热损耗少、系统综合效率高等特点，极适合于大规模、大容量（一般在30～400MW之间）商业化应用。但其一次性投入较大，每台定日镜都需一个单独的二维跟踪机构，装置结构和控制系统复杂，成本较高。 Solar thermal power tower system receiver ( unilateral light or by receiving light ) on the top of the tower, a plurality of heliostat based on the type of absorber, arranged in the receiving side, or around the tower. The heliostat to automatically tracking the sun, so that the reflected light can be accurately projected to the heat absorber in. Heat converts solar energy into heat energy, and the heating coil inside the flowing medium ( water or other fluids ) produced in high temperature steam ( above the temperature up to 5600C ) drive the steam turbine generator. At present, the tower thermal power system total efficiency of about 13%, about 70% light - absorbing efficiency. Research shows that, the tower thermal power generating system with concentration ratio and high temperature, heat transfer in short distance, low heat loss, comprehensive system efficiency higher characteristic, very suitable for large-scale, large capacity ( 30 ～ 400MW in general ) commercial application. But the one-time investment is larg