中国文化概况_Chinese religion.ppt

Chinese Religions Chinese Religions China is multi-religion country. There are indigenous Taoist religion, all forms of folk religions, and religion of foreign origins such as Buddhism, Islam, and Christianity. The Taoist Religion（道教） Taoism is the indigenous (土生土长的) religion in China. Lu Xun once said, “The Chinese roots are deep in Taoism. If one tries to comprehend Chinese history and culture, he must first comprehend Taoism and the Taoist religion.” The Taoist religion evolved out of witchcraft (巫术), necromancy（方术 ) and self-cultivation techniques. Its highest belief is called “Dao”, its bible is called “Dao De Jing”. Zhang Daoling The Taoist religion was founded by Zhang Daoling in the Eastern Han Dynasty and became very popular during the Southern and Northern Dynasties. Taishang laojun Taoists revered (尊崇) Lao Zi as the originator of the Taoist religion and called him “Taishang Laojun” (太上老君). Taoism Temples Taoism temples are places for Taoist priests to self-reflect and carry out their religious activities. The layout of the Taoism temples evolved from the traditional square-shaped Chinese courtyard, also resembling that of Buddhist temples in design. In front of Taoist temples, there are mountain gates, Huabiao (marble pillar) and fan’gan (幡杆). Outside the Huabiao is the earthly world (俗界), inside it is the celestial place (仙界). Eight Immortals in the Taoist religion The?story?about?the?Eight?Immortals?have?been?so?popular?and?influential?in?Chinese?society. There?is?a?famous?saying?about?them?:“When?the?Eight?Immortals?cross?the?sea,each?demonstrates?his/her?diving?power”.They?represent?eight?factors?in?Chinese?people’s daily?life. The most sacred Taoist mountain—Dragon-Tiger Mountain Dragon-Tiger Mountain is located at the southwestern suburb of Yingtan, Jiangxi Province. It is the birthplace of the Taoist religion. Buddhism(佛教） Buddhism originated in India in the 6th century B.C. Sakyamuni is said to be the founder