师范、翻译方向英语语法第二课.pptVIP

English Grammar英语语法第二讲 五大基本句型（根据谓语动词的类型）： 1. “主-动-补” （SVC）句型：在这种句型中，谓语动词是以be为主的连系动词（Linking Verb）,后面跟主语补语（Subject Complement）。 e.g These oranges have kept fresh. 2. “主-动”（SV）句型：在这种句型中，谓语动词为不及物动词（Intransitive Verb）。 e.g Tom has left. 3. “主-动-宾”（SVO）句型：在这种句型中，谓语动词为只带一个宾语的及物动词，这种动词被称为单宾语及物动词（Monotransitive Verb）。 e.g He kept the money. 4. “主-动-间宾-直宾”（SVOiOd）句型：在这一句型中，谓语动词为能带一个间接宾语和一个直接宾语的及物动词，这类动词被称为双宾语及物动词（Ditransitive Verb）。 e.g Shall I leave you the camera? 5. “主-动-宾-补”（SVOC）句型：在这种句型中，谓语动词为能带复合宾语（宾语+宾语补语）的及物动词，这类动词叫做复合宾语及物动词(Complex Transitive Verb)。 e.g His illness left him weak. 四大句子类型（根据句子目的）: Sentences are often classified according to their purpose. There are four purposes that sentences may have: to make a statement, to give an order or make a request, to ask a question, and to express strong emotion. 1. 陈述句（declarative sentence）: A declarative sentence makes a statement. It usually ends with a period. This type of sentence is the most frequently used in speaking and writing. 2. 祈使句（imperative sentences）: A imperative sentence gives a command or makes a request. An imperative sentence usually ends with a period. In imperative sentences, the subject you is understood. 3. 疑问句（interrogative sentences）: An interrogative sentence asks a question. An interrogative sentence usually ends with a question mark. 4. 感叹句（exclamatory sentences）: An exclamatory sentence expresses strong emotion. An exclamatory sentence ends with an exclamation point. 附加疑问句(Tag Question): 前肯后否；前否后肯 主语部分： 1. Everybody knows it, doesnt he/dont they? 2. Everything is ready, isnt it? 3. One cant be too carelful, can one/can you? 4. I am silly, arent I? 5. Theres something wrong, isnt there? 谓语动词部分： 1. She seldom goes to the park, does she? (hardly,never, rarely,few,little,scarcely) 2. You have(拥有) a Benz, havent/dont you? 3. I often have headache, dont I? 谓语动词部分含有情态助动词时： 1. He used to drink a lot, usednt/didnt he? 2. We mustnt(义务) litter everywhere, must we? 3. You must(必要，应该)